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Environmental sustainability of Africa in the context of global efforts for sustainable development (with emphasis on good governance)
Hlaváček, Jiří ; Šauer, Petr (advisor) ; Nováček, Pavel (referee) ; Verner, Petr H. (referee)
1 Title: Environmental Sustainability of Africa in the Context of Global Sustainable Development Efforts with a Focus on Good Governance Abstract This research has been conducted with the aim of analyzing African countries sustainable developmental problems at the beginning of the 21st century and contributing to a better understanding of the sustainable development concept and its related politics application, especially environmental ones, as well as of contradictory factors of African continent realities. Due to the scope of this topic and to currently increasing interest of the international community, theorists and practitioners working in the field of sustainable development the research concentrates on governance issues in general and in the field of environmental protection in particular. The governance can be understood as a new cross-cutting issue in sustainable development theory and practice. Based on meta-analysis of a substantial number of relevant sources and literature, African academia studies and scholarly publications in the field of developmental and sustainable developmental theory have been classified into three categories: 1) "global" research performed in the framework of political philosophy of neo-liberalism and institutionalism; 2) "continental" research traditionally affirmative...
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Contemporary Terrorism in Ethiopia: its Origin and Motivation
Nováček, Pavel ; Werkman, Kateřina (advisor) ; Michalek, Tomáš (referee)
Résumé of the master thesis: Contemporary Terrorism in Ethiopia: its Origins and Motivation. Pavel Nováček This paper focuses on the factor of terrorism in Ethiopia. There is suspicion, repeatedly declared by the Ethiopian government, that there are groups operating on its territory, that are using terrorism as a method of combat. Some of those groups are suspected to be affiliated to the global jihadist network that is active in the neighbouring Somalia. Ethiopia takes an active part in the US-led war on terror, and is the most important ally of the US in the region. This has resulted in a flow of humanitarian aid to Ethiopia, and the US is also providing military training, building their counter-terrorism capacities and providing Ethiopia with analytical support and other military aid. However, there is suspicion that Ethiopia is abusing its participation in the war on terrorism in order to oppress the legitimate opposition, by describing some of the rebel groups as terrorist, and even as affiliated to the global jihadist network in Somalia. This is despite the possibility that these ethnic based groups might be legitimately fighting to gain the right of self- determination, something that is granted to all people living in Ethiopia by the constitution. The government however, systematically attacks the...
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Participation of UN in humanitarian crisis caused by armed conflict, focused on humanitarian intervention
Vehovská, Lucie ; Nováček, Pavel (advisor) ; Mička, Pavel (referee)
This diploma work "Participation of UN in humanitarian crisis caused by armed conflict, focused on humanitarian intervention" devotes to problems with using humanitarian intervention as one of the most controversial measures, that were reaction to humanitarian crisis, caused by armed conflicts. It focuses on humanitarian intervention of first half of 90's, when this concept was stigmatised by unsuccessful solutions to armed conflicts in Rwanda and Somalia. It tries to reveal fouls, which UN committed in these conflicts and maps out the pretences at balancing with these fouls and taking instruction to the future. Furthermore it devotes to questions which using concept of humanitarian intervention stired up and new concept Responsiblity to protect is also gone with the same questions. This work maps out measures of UN, which are using in case of armed conflicts and shift of opinion from the term humanitarian intervention to concept Responsibility to protect, which implemention is stiring up lively discussion. Nevertheless this concept was unanimously voted by all member countries in Summit OSN 2005. Efforts of international security and peace with be ever actual issue a this issue should be at front of all people's interest.
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The role of anthropology in the development discourse
Adamčíková, Jitka ; Uherek, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kysučan, Lubor (referee) ; Nováček, Pavel (referee)
This thesis assesses the role of the subject of anthropology in the international development discourse. The author, herself an anthropologist analysed the positions among anthropologists and distinguished two main positions of anthropologists versus development. Within the first epistemic community of anthropologists the anthropologists consider themselves as active participants and offer their expertise into the services of governmental, nongovernmental or international organizations demonstrating the potential of anthropological knowledge for planning, implementation and evaluation of development policy. Within the second group the position is one as an antagonistic observer, characterised by reservation and criticism of both, the ideas of development and the motives of its promoters. Hence, within the second group the radical critics perceive development as an organised system of power and practices maintaining the neo-colonial dominance of western countries over the poorer countries of the "South". The genealogy of development and progress is traced back to Evolutionism of the 19th century which influenced the key notion of modernization dividing the world population into the developed and developing ones. The differences in life quality in Africa or Western Europe are viewed as consequences of African...
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Fair Trade and its critique. Assessing the significance of trade aimed to support developing country producers
Kolská, Marta ; Čabanová, Bohumila (advisor) ; Nováček, Pavel (referee)
The thesis "Fair Trade and its critique. Assessing the significance of trade aimed to support developing country producers." draws attention to a tool that serves to improve the living conditions in the so-called global South countries. Fair Trade is claimed to be a trading partnership supporting greater equity in international trade and sustainable development by offering better trading conditions and securing rights to marginalised producers. Apart from introducing Fair Trade aims and principles that suppport this idea, the work identifies controversial points and seeks responses to the critique in technical literature and with development cooperation experts. Based on identifying the problematic aspects, the concept can be assessed. Expert opinions show the extent to which this concept is perceived as effective and credible.
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Support of brownfield regeneration in the Czech Republic
Lednická, Sylvie ; Illner, Michal (advisor) ; Nováček, Pavel (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze current situation of brownfield regeneration in the Czech Republic given the available information sources, further to compare it with the situation abroad, and to apply foreign and domestic experience and processes with regard to brownfield solutions in order to determine the policy objectives of brownfield regeneration and to design adequate tools and measures that would help effectively address the brownfield issue in the Czech Republic. The introductory part describes what brownfields are and how we can categorize them. There is also an overview of the structure and nature of brownfields in the Czech Republic, a description of the process of brownfield regeneration and the reasons why it is necessary to regenerate brownfields. Based on the implications of brownfields existence also related public and political problems are defined. The following section defines the goals of this thesis, the research questions and methods used for collecting and processing data. The theoretical background of this thesis is based on political science, namely the issue of market relations, public and private sectors, political decision-making process models, as well as economic science, especially commercial real estate market fundamentals and public funding, and last but not least the...
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Public transport in the Czech Republic in relation to sustainable development
Holčák, Ondřej ; Nováček, Pavel (advisor) ; Nachtmannová, Marta (referee)
This thesis is trying to describe and analyze main obstacles in area of decisionmaking on the way to solve the issue of sustainable transport in the Czech Republic, with putting an emphasis on public transport system. In this work are used specific methods which are typical for policy analysis. In general, in transport can be identified a couple of problems like local air pollution, increasing amount of CO2, noise pollution, congestions, traffic accidents or social cohesion negative effects. Public policy has instruments how to solve this problem, which are involved in strategic documents, but in fact the main obstacle is the lack of political will to realize that. It is important that stakeholders should adopt public transport as its priority, which is a concept that is essential for sustainable development to improve the living conditions of society.
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Transformation of the Czech foreign development cooperation
Fidlerová, Tereza ; Nováček, Pavel (advisor) ; Kalous, Jaroslav (referee)
Diploma thesis "Transformation of the Czech foreign development cooperation" deals with current change of the system of Czech development cooperation. The original system was too fragmented and ineffective. Responsibility for development projects was divided amongst departmental ministries as well as the budget for development cooperation. The system was complicated and needed to be improved. This thesis notes what made the system ineffective and how and by whom the process of transformation was started. That means it maps what has already been changed and what still has to be changed. In the process of transformation the neglected suggestions given by Development Assistance Committee DAC/OECD, evaluating the Czech development cooperation in 2006 - 2007, are uncovered. Consequently, remarks of Czech experts on development cooperation on what else needs to be paid more attention to are included. In conclusion, all observations and suggestions are summarized and scenarios of the Czech development cooperation are created.
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Modern cooling lubricant for metal machining
Nováček, Pavel ; Sámelová, Vendula (referee) ; Zemčík, Oskar (advisor)
This work covers the characteristics of different types of processing fluids used in machining; their types, the possible ways to supply and certain operational activities associated with the use of these liquids. The following are some of the modern trends in machining including dry machining, comparing their abilities with the machining process with fluids.
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Ways of sustainability measurement at the regional level
Kramulová, Jana ; Macháček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Švihlová, Dana (referee) ; Nováček, Pavel (referee)
This thesis deals with ways of sustainability measurement at the regional level. In the theoretical part apart from definition and evolution of the concept related fields and different approaches to sustainable development are presented. Further, data sources and suitable characteristics of ideal indicators are discussed. In the application part methods applicable to measuring sustainable development along with restraints and possible problematic areas are introduced. Subsequently, these methods are applied to individual regional levels according to CZ-NUTS classification (NUTS 1 to NUTS 3 levels and LAU 1 and LAU 2 levels). At the end of the thesis, the most suitable techniques of results' presentation are introduced. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate and assess the ways of practical use of mainly quantitative methods (statistical methods and modelling techniques) for analysis and measurement of regional development sustainability and to suggest the most convenient methods for individual regional levels. The thesis answers three research questions: if one method is useful for all "regional" levels; if it is better to assess sustainability from the point of view of pillar or capital approach; and finally, if it is for measuring of sustainability more proper one summarizing (composite) indicator or indicators' set including more indicators.
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