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The Discussion about Expulsion of Sudeten Germans in Czech Society
Čížek, Tomáš ; Šmídová, Olga (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
This thesis focuses on the controversy in Czech society over the displacement of Germans. The dispute is one of the most significant public debates related to the Czech past held since the fall of the communist regime. The work briefly summarizes the historical development of the controversy over the displacement and introduces the political context of the discussion held already in the democratic regime. The main part of the text consists of analysis of opinions on the issues of displacement in Czech newspapers in the period of one year directly before the Czech Republic entered the European Union Concerning methodology, the work is inspired by discourse analysis. However, the author is not that much focusing on the use of language, which is common within this methodological tradition, but rather on what is being expressed through the language, i. e. the contents of the discourse itself. In doing so, he refers to the work of the Czech-British anthropologist Ladislav Holý. The author concludes that two main approaches may be found within the debate over the displacement, and calls the first of them the "official" discourse and the other the "critical" discourse. Based on the analysis, it is not possible to speak of the two discourses as competing with each other in the form of notional oppositions,...
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Ligitimization in the human rights discourse
Andresová, Zuzana ; Šanderová, Jadwiga (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
The author, in her text, attempts to answer the question of how the concept of human rights is used for legitimizing certain power positions. In the first part of the text, she describes sociological theories that deal with the concept of human rights and attempt to discover the foundation of human rights. In the second part she deals with the process of symbolic domination. She uses Bourdieu's theories of power field, habitus and symbolic power in order to describe the mechanism of symbolic interaction. She describes the specifications of this mechanism within the school environment. She also uses these theories for descriptions of the law field and the human rights field. Finally, she analyzes high school human rights lectures in order to describe the specific ways in which human rights are used to legitimize a certain position.
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Citizenship and culture
Grznár, Miroslav ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
This theoretical essay offers a point of view on a citizenship and so called "civil society" based on a strong programme in cultural theory, which treats culture as an analyticly autonomus sphere. It shows that an increased interest in a term "civil society" is connected with certain actual political issues. Recent theoretic conceptions as well as research practices focus on the topic mostly treats "civil society" as a subsytem of society or a sum of organizations beyond spheres of a state and a market. That leads to an analytic pasivization of an agent. One of works by Jürgen Habermas offers a much more culturaly sensitive model of citizenship based on a historical review of developement of civil movements in England, France and Germany. This type of identity is not easy to find in the Czech history. Bud we can find a few alternative and hostile types of identity and we show that they are able to accomodete in the democratic system in a form of cultural herritage and so they can be maintained even by generations without an experience of a communism. A source of these identities is concentrated around traditional Cczech autostereotype of a "little Chzech person" in a forms of: nationalism, privatism and narrow-minded opportunism. They are an obstracle for development of a real civic culture.
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Artistic success defined by the students and teachers of art schools
Pincová, Zdeňka ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Paulíček, Miroslav (referee)
Bachelor thesis Artistic success defined by the students and teachers of art schools is about the concept of success in the imagination of young artists and their teachers. They try to look for success through professional identity, which is still evolving. The first section briefly summarizes some views on identity formation and role in society (Goffman, Berger and Luckmann) and presents a theory of symbolic interactionism as the concept of work. Symbolic interactionism is based on mutual shaping attitudes and the exchange of important symbols, which produce an adequate response. The analysis examines the process of formation of professional identity based on life stages and art stages of students and teachers in dance study and visual arts. For this uses the theoretical background of experience and research of other authors. At the end focuses on the success and its aspects. In conclusion summarize the views and defines the differences between them.
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"New fathers" and shared parenting
Dlasková, Julie ; Vodochodský, Ivan (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
This thesis examines the responsibilities and roles of fathers who practise a shared care arrangement in order to get a better understanding of how traditionally perceived women's and men's tasks are divided between the father and the mother after separation. Special emphasis is given to gender equality in responsibilities and roles traditionally ascribed to women and men, to decide in which aspects, fathers who practice shared care can be seen as 'new fathers'. Previous research projects on fatherhood have indicated that in two-parent families it is typically the mother who takes the major responsibility for private sphere duties such as nurturing or domestic labour, while the father's role lies in providing and financial support (Cohen 1993) (Ranson 2001) (Segal 1990). For this reason the actual existence of the 'new father' in society has been doubted. In-depth interviews conducted in New Zealand with fathers who were in a shared care situation showed that their responsibilities and roles changed after separation and became equalized between both parents. New circumstances, a gender equal attitude and a wish to be a part of the children's lives made the fathers become responsible for nurturing aspects of parenting and day-to-day care. This thesis suggests that study of 'non-traditional' family...
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