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Inflammatory bowel disease
Růžičková, Radka ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Červinková, Monika (referee)
Infammatory bowel disease IBD is unspecified form of bowel inflammation represented by two types - Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease. UC is illness that typically affects intestine mucous membrane from rectum up to proximal parts of gastrointestinal tract. Affection in UC is limited only to colon. CD is characterised by inflammation of whole intestinal wall with common manifestation in ileocecal region but entire colon and small intestine can be affected. Patients with UC and CD suffer by extraintestinal manifestations similar for both diseases. Illness therapy is currently focused on biological treatment. People with IBD are not excluded from common life activities like school attendance, sports, etc. even they have complications or some sort of handicap. These patients can meet each other and seek advice within IBD associations all over the world.
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Prognostic and predictive biomarkers of glial tumors of the central nervous system in the context of personalized medicine
Polívka, Jiří ; Tonar, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Holubec, Luboš (referee) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
The glial tumors, so called gliomas, represent the largest group of the primary central nervous system malignancies. Gliomas remain generally an incurable disease progressing from the lower grades of malignancy to the more aggressive tumors in the course of time. This finally leads to the rapid patient's clinical deterioration and eventually the death. Recently there has been a significant expansion of knowledge in the neuro-oncology domain regarding the onset and development of neoplastic disease at the genetic as well as epigenetic level. Novel prognostic and predictive molecular genetic biomarkers are emerging that can be used for more precise diagnosis, for more accurate assessment of a patients' prognosis, or for better selection of therapy and prediction of therapeutic response. The fundamental view of the histological- based classification of central nervous system tumors is gradually changing and the molecular biomarkers are incorporating in addition to histopathology to refine the diagnoses of many tumor entities at the moment. The recent findings from molecular genetics of gliomas together with the results from clinical trials incorporating the various biomarkers are discussed in this thesis. In the first study the biomarker isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 (IDH1) R132H mutation was examined...
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Prenatal diagnostics of cystic fibrosis and diseases associated with trinucleotide expansions - teaching at secondary schools
Nováková, Stanislava ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
Cystic fibrosis and diseases associated with trinucleotide expansions are serious hereditary disease that serves in my Diploma thesis as role models suitable for teaching interesting topics of human genetics at secondary schools. By using appropriate methods of prenatal genetic treatment, it is possible to make a diagnosis of the developing fetus and to determine a corresponding prognosis in next prenatal and postnatal development in families at risk. The practical part of the thesis is devoted to the content analysis of biology schoolbooks for secondary schools and to the preparation of a prototype class of genetics at secondary schools. The aim of the content analysis of biology schoolbooks for secondary schools is the evaluation of various textbooks according to several preselected criteria. The aim of the presentation of the proposed prototype class was to determine, based on the responses obtained from the questionnaires, whether pupils of higher grades of secondary schools are interested in the subject matter of genetics, to find out what engaged their attention the most during the lessons or what they did not understand and what they considered as difficult. The lesson was conducted as a specialized seminar, the teaching method was a lecture. From the selected biology schoolbooks for...
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Education of Molecular Biology at Secondary School and Analysis of Preconception of Nucleic Acids Term
Hanušová, Eva ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
The theoretical part assembles methodological starting points for the research - the content and meaning of curricula documents for science education; the contemporary scientific knowledge about selected molecularly biological topics taught at secondary schools; the characteristics of student preconceptions and misconceptions, their diagnosis and importance. The practical part contains the setting of research problems and aims related to their object, presented as the content analysis of curriculum and the teaching methods concerning molecularly biological topics at a selected secondary school; the diagnosis of preconceptions regarding the term "nucleic acids" with pupils (first, third and fourth grade) studying at a selected secondary school (ninety- five respondents) that served to the determination of overall character of stated preconception (genesis, modification and conceptual change during the study at a secondary school). The incorporation of new laboratory exercises with the topic of nucleic acids to the education in the fourth grade and the assessment of their impact on the shape of the preconception has been also the part of the project. The evaluation was done by comparing of success in solving the tasks involved in the didactic test for pupils in the first and third grade and pupils...
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Obstetric brachial plexus palsy
Mencl, Libor ; Haninec, Pavel (advisor) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) displays a stable incidence of 0.15 - 3 per 1,000 live births. Most children show good spontaneous recovery, but a recent literature reviews show that a residual deficit remains in 20% to 30% of children. Shoulder dystocia, macrosomia and instrument delivery, forceps or vacuum extraction present the greatest risk for brachial plexus injury. Caesarean section, having a twin or multiple birth mates seems to offer some protection against injury. The resulting nerve injury may vary from neurapraxia or axonotmesis to neurotmesis and root avulsion from spinal cord. In neurapraxia or axonotmetic lesions complete recovery will usually occur over the course of weeks or months. In a neurotmetic injury or in case of root avulsion, the most sever type of lesion, useful regeneration of axons cannot take place. Although we perform electromyography and imaging studies, the final decision of operation relies heavily on the clinical examination. Manual muscle testing system although reliable for examination of motor power in adults is not suited for use with infants. All patients involved in the study were evaluated using the Active Movement Scale (AMS), which greatly increases the ability to detect partial movements. The results of neurophysiological investigations in older...
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Ability of the future elementary school teachers to provide the first aid to pupils at live-threatening conditions
Kutmonová, Jitka ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
Title: The ability of the future elementary school teachers to provide the first aid to pupils at live-threatening conditions Summary: This thesis is focused on the ability of future elementary school teachers in providing first aid to pupils in a life-threatening conditions. The introduction describes the motivation that has led to this topic and follows the objectives set for this thesis. The theoretical part is dedicated to defining first aid, inclusion of this topic into the school documents and programs, as well as a brief specifics of a child of a younger school age from the perspective of providing first aid, describes how to contact emergency services and focuses on prevention. It describes the universal process of providing first aid in three steps and complements it with practical knowledge gained from experience with pupils of younger school age. The practical part deals with the ability of future teachers in first aid in life-threatening condition, verified by the survey. Further analyzes whether future teachers are able to react correctly in life- threatening situations of their pupils. In conclusion, there is a brief assessment of achieved goals and recommendations for further development in providing first aid. Keywords: first aid, teacher, pupil, elementary school, live-threatening conditions
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Adaptation mechanisms of the nervous system Following chronic injury and its clinical impact
Vaško, Peter ; Štětkářová, Ivana (advisor) ; Bojar, Martin (referee) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Remarkable progress in therapy and diagnostics of neurological diseases, including brain and spinal cord injuries, has been achieved during last years. However, the nervous system with its complicated feedback circuits systems reaching from the periphery to the brain remains still unclear to our knowledge. Regeneration following serious injuries of the peripheral or central nervous system is often incomplete, leading to its poor functional outcome. Thus for the patients it means to become reconciled with a permanent disability. It is caused by limited recovery of the nervous system. Physiological circuits and neuronal nets are altered by an injury. In our study we try to elucidate some kind of an adaptation process of the peripheral and spinal nervous system using some of the neurophysiological methods. We studied the spinal inhibitory circuits and its afferent and efferent pathways and its role in acute and chronic lesions of the nervous system. We tried to reveal its potential capability in nervous system recovery. Our research includes several topics which have not been published yet. We focused on a spinal inhibitory reflex namely a cutaneous silent period in several conditions. In physiological conditions, we studied the influence of temperature on the cutaneous silent period; in pathological...
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