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Microbial characterization of yoghurts and probiotic foods.
Kocourková, Hana ; Burdychová, Radka (referee) ; Španová, Alena (advisor)
Zvýšená konzumace fermentovaných mléčných výrobků v posledních letech vede k zavádění nových výrobků na trh. Funkční a probiotické produkty jsou v dnešní době také hojně rozšířeny. Cílem diplomové práce bylo posoudit mikrobiální kvalitu komerčních jogurtů a nefarmakologických probiotických výrobků. Bylo zkoumáno 24 vzorků jogurtů a 8 vzorků probiotických mléčných výrobků. Pozornornost byla zaměřena zvláště na kvantifikaci mikroorganismů v jednotlivých výrobcích a na sledování viability buněk. Většina mléčných produktů obsahovala počty odpovídající minimální požadované hodnotě 1x107cfu/ml. Nicméně byly objeveny produkty, které neobsahovaly živé bakterie nebo obsahovaly jen jejich menší množství. To platí zejména pro běžné jogurty. Probiotické mléčné výrobky v zásadě obsahovaly větší množství bakterií než jogurty, protože je u nich navíc požadováno 1x106cfu/ml minimálního množství specifických bakterií jiných než jogurtových startovacích kultur. Isoláty z fermentovaných mléčných výrobků byly identifikovány jako Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus spp. Isoláty byly poté rozlišeny na jednotlivé kmeny pomocí RAPD použitím tří různých primerů. Byla zjištěna velká různorodost mezi kmeny rodu Lactobacillus spp. používaných různými podniky.
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Optimization of recombinant protein production in animal cell culture
Kyselá, Hana ; Španová, Alena (referee) ; Ševčík,, Mojmír (advisor)
V této diplomové práci je popsána přechodná transfekce buněk 293 HEK adaptovaných na růst při suspenzní kultivaci bez přítomnosti séra za použití polyethyleniminů (PEI). Buňky byly transfekovány plasmidem pcDNA5/SEAP, který exprimuje sekretovanou formu lidské placentální alkalické fosfatázy. K porovnání účinnosti jednotlivých transfekcí byla měřena koncentrace exprimované fosfatázy v buněčném supernatantu. Cílem této práce bylo optimalizovat různé faktory ovlivňující účinnost transfekcí s důrazem na nalezení optimálního poměru DNA:PEI.
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Probiotics in food products for children
Vozárová, Petra ; Kvasničková, Eva (referee) ; Španová, Alena (advisor)
Despite of the high level of science and medicine, people are trying to return to the nature and use it for their lives. For example, they are using probiotics, which are live cultures able to reside in the human intestine and there can start their role. The teoretical part of this bachelor thesis deals with probiotic bacteria, their properties and those properties which are important in the food industry and the main part focuses on the probiotics used in baby food. The experimental part of the thesis targets on an analysis of two probiotic supplements for children (BioLac Baby and Probacílium+). There was a DNA isolated from these two products by method of phenol extraction and using magnetic media. The whole DNA isolated from these products was amplificated by genus-specific PCR.
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Preparation and purification of plasmid DNAs
Němeček, Milan ; Španová, Alena (referee) ; Rittich, Bohuslav (advisor)
With the development of therapeutic methods in medicine, like are DNA vaccines and gene therapy increases demand for new processes for the isolation and purification highly pure plasmid DNA. Most often used methods of purification plasmid DNA are chromatographic methods. In experimental part of this thesis was performed isolation of plasmid pUC-19 DNA plasmid via alkalyne lysis. And purification of plasmid was performed by liquid chromatography and agarose gel electrophoresis.
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Probiotics and their use in food industry
Diado, Aleksandra ; Rittich, Bohuslav (referee) ; Španová, Alena (advisor)
Probiotic bacteria are defined as live microorganisms, which when consumed in the determining quantities, have healthy and beneficial effects. Most of probiotics belongs to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These and other genera of microorganisms are successfully used in industry, including food industry at present. Probiotics are used primarily in dairy products and food additives in food idustry. Probiotic bacteria, like other organisms, can be to identifie by PCR method that allows amplifying specific regions of DNA. Polymerase chain reaction was performed after DNA isolation from bacterial cultures of three strains using phenol extraction method. PCR specific for the domain Bacteria and genus-specific PCR were used for the confirmation of the presence of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus.
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Impact of cell density on transient transfection of HEK293 cells culture.
Krzyžanková, Marcela ; Španová, Alena (referee) ; Ševčík, Mojmír (advisor)
Recombinant proteins (r-proteins) are becoming increasingly popular both on the biotechnology market and in the pharmaceutical industry. An r-protein may be produced effectively through the transient transfection method, used also in this thesis. Cell culture 293HEK EBNA 1 was temporarily genetically modified (i.e. transiently transfected) by the gene of interest (AIM) using polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a transfection agent in two different transfection densities (i.e. “current” density and “test” density). The current transfection density was 20x106 cells/ml and the higher test density was 30x106 cells/ml. The aim of this Bachelor’s thesis was to determine whether the higher test transfection density of cells in transient transfection (as compared to the lower commonly used “current” transfection density) leads to higher yields of r-protein. A gene for the AIM protein (apoptotic inhibitor secreted by tissue macrophages) was temporarily inserted in cell culture 293 HEK EBNA. The successfully transfected cell cultures were purified on the Ni-NTA matrix and the amount of the r-protein obtained was quantified. It was ascertained that the r-AIM protein was always found in higher concentrations in the suspensions of the current transfection density of 20x106 cells/ml. Partial results showed that cultivation of cell culture 293HEK EBNA 1 in rectangular vessels leads to a higher cell density and viability in the course of the r-protein production as compared to the cultivation of the production culture in tubes.
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Nucleic acids as terapeutic agent
Ráčková, Lucie ; Španová, Alena (referee) ; Rittich, Bohuslav (advisor)
With the development of molecular biology development of oncotherapy proceeds. The major progress of modern medicine is gene therapy. In the gene therapy are two categeories, namely, viral vectors and nonviral vectors which are used mainly. Nonviral vectors include plasmids. Plasmid DNA used in medicine must be perfectly purified. Chromatographic methods are mainly used at present. Research and development deals with other methods for example two-phase aqueous systems and magnetic carriers. In experimental part of this thesis, isolation of pUC 19 plasmid DNA from Escherichia coli JM 109 (pUC 19) cell culture was performed via method of alkaline lysis. Quality of isolated plasmid DNA was verified spectrophotometrically and by agarose gel electrophoresis. Isolated plasmid DNA was purified using three methods: RNA in plasmid DNA was precipitated by lithium chloride, RNA was degraded by immobilized RNase A and plasmid DNA was purified using two-phase aqueous system.
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Probiotic lactic acid bacteria in food products
Sásková, Denisa ; Rittich, Bohuslav (referee) ; Španová, Alena (advisor)
In food industry molecular genetic methods based on DNA analysis are used for identification of probiotic microorganisms. An example of these methods is the polymerase chain reaction, in which specific fragments of DNA are amplified using short oligonucleotide primers. The teoretical part of this bachelor thesis follows probiotic bacteria, their features, beneficial health effects and use in food and clinical applications. The experimental part of the thesis focuses on an analysis of two probiotic dietary supplements. DNA was isolated from these products by method of phenol extraction. The use of PCR confirmed the presence of DNA of probiotic bacteria of genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium.
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Separation and purification of nucleic acids with the use of magnetic microparticles
Vlachová, Jana ; Rittich, Bohuslav (referee) ; Španová, Alena (advisor)
Application of magnetic microparticles for nucleic acid isolation from real samples is a modern and fast separation procedure. This method is suitable for application in laboratory practice. The aim of the bachelor work was isolation of DNA from a dairy product (Activia sweet white) in the PCR-ready quality. DNA isolation was carried out by magnetic microparticles P(HEMA co GMA) in the presence of 2 M NaCl and 16% PEG 6000 or 8% PEG 6000. According to the declaration of the producer the presence of DNA from probiotic bacteria of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium was confirmed by PCR.
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Application of real-time PCR in microbiological analysis of food-stuffs
Novotná, Eva ; Michaela, Kotianová (referee) ; Španová, Alena (advisor)
Probiotic lactic acid bacteria of genus Lactobacillus play an important role in the digestive tract of human, e.g. protect against pathogenic microorganisms. Lactobacilli are often present in various food products. Lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus can be detected by polymerace chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers LbLMA1 and R16. The bacterial DNA was isolated from Actimel Natur probiotic product by the phenol extraction method. DNA was amplified using real time PCR. Specific PCR products were detected using fluorescent intercalaction dye SybrGreen. The specific PCR products were verified by melting curve analysis (Tm 85°C) and by agarose gel electrophoresis (PCR products of 250 bp was amplified).
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