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Vývoj půdní fauny na loukách obnovených na orné půdě: Iniciální fáze sukcesního vývoje
Tajovský, Karel ; Pižl, Václav ; Starý, Josef ; Balík, Vladimír ; Frouz, Jan ; Schlaghamerský, J. ; Háněl, Ladislav ; Rusek, Josef ; Kalčík, Jiří
The development of soil fauna assemblages (testate amoebae, nematodes, enchytraeids, earthworms, terrestrial isopods, millipedes, centipedes, collembolans, dipteran larvae) has been investigated in a -field experiment since autumn 1999. Four types of treatment were studied in plots previously managed as arable land: 1) sowing with a native seed mixture, 2) sowing of a 5 m wide central strip with native and the lateral strips with commercial seed mixture, 3) sowing of a 5 m wide central strip with native seed mixture, leaving the lateral strips to spontaneous succession, and 4) leaving to spontaneous succession (abandoned field). The observed increase of qualitative and quantitative parameters of the individual soil animal groups corresponded to the initial phase of successional development. Eurytopic and euryvalent representatives as well as epigeic species of soil micro-, meso- and macrofauna prevailed in the studied treatments during the first years of observation.
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Soil macrofauna of mountain spruce stands in the Bohemian Forest as affected with selective tree cutting
Tajovský, Karel ; Pižl, Václav
Assemblages of soil macrofauna (earthworms, millipedes and centipedes) were studied in three specially protected mountain spruce stands in the Bohemian Forest (Czech Republic) in 2000-2003 using soil sampling to assess their quantitative and qualitative parameters. Spruce forests under study possessed poor (density 7,7-61,3 ind.m-2), but very specific earthworm assemblages built of 2-4 acidotolerant epigeic species. Similarly, assemblages of millipedes were low in both density (1,6-44,8 ind.m-2) and species numbers. Density of centipedes reached 41,1-206,4 ind.m-2, and their assemblages were composed mainly of the representatives of the order Geophilomorpha. Comparison of intact stands and those with selective cutting of spruce trees showed the negative impact of forestry management on populations of millipedes and centipedes. Density of both groups as well as species number of millipedes was markedly lower at selectively cut plot in the Trojmezná. On the contrary, denser earthworm populations were found at cut than at intact plots, most probably due to changes in herb vegetation and litter layer followed tree cutting.
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Studies on Soil Fauna in Central Europe, Proceedings of the 6th Central European Workshop on Soil Zoology
Tajovský, Karel ; Balík, Vladimír ; Pižl, Václav
The 6th Central European Workshop on Soil Zoology was held in České Budějovice, Czech Republic, in April 23-25, 2001. At the workshop, attended by 58 participants from Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Russia and Slovakia, 49 presentations were made dealing with the results of soil zoological research carried out in Central Europe and also in Russia and Nigeria. Additionally, diverse topics of soil zoology, ecology and faunistic as well as possible cooperation between the zoologists have been discussed. Increasing numbers of students and young scientists were characteristic for the meeting. Thus the CEWSZ6 has continued in the tradition of previous five meetings held in České Budějovice since 1992 (1st - May 14-15, 1992; 2nd - September 30-October 1, 1993; 4th - April 23-24, 1997; 5th - April 27-30, 1999).
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Earthworm communities in spruce forest soils - effects of some natural and anthropogenic factors
Pižl, Václav
Earthworm fauna was analysed and compared in 22 natural and man-made spruce forests located in seven regions of the Czech Republic. 14 species of earthworms were identified; among which acidotolerant epigeic species Dendrobaena octaedra, D. illyrica, Dendrodrilus rubidus, Dendrobaena vejdovskyi and Lumbricus rubellus were most frequently recorded. Poor earthworm communities (1-4 species, density 1,2 - 38,4 ind.m-2) inhabited majority of sites. Nevertheless, strong differences occured in their species composition reflecting both the geographical position of sites and the origin of individual forests. Higher density and/or per-site number, of species were always connected with the presence of specific habitats such as water sources, brooks, wood or bark heaps, etc. Earthworm faunas in damaged mountain spruce forests tended to be more abundant than in undamaged forests and to have higher number of species. Denser earthworm populations developed at sites where dead trees were left than at clear-cut ones.
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Mycotic flora in vermicultures and intestines of Eisenia andrei
Nováková, Alena ; Pižl, Václav
In spring and autumn 2000, microscopic fungi associated with fresh and processed substrates and with the intestines of Eisenia andrei were studied in three vermiculture plants differing in their productivity. 119 species and 6 forms of microscopic fungi were isolated. Of those, 97 taxa were recorded from vermiculture substrates and 76 taxa from worm intestines. In vermiculture substrates, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium expansum and P. roquefortii were dominant among taxa isolated by soil dilution plate method, and Rhizopus stolonifer was most frequently isolated by soil washing technique. A. fumigatus, Mucor circinelloides f. circinelloides and P. expansum predominated in the intestines of earthworms. Processed vermiculture substrates regularly yielded higher numbers of cultivable micromycetes (CFU-counts) than fresh ones. The CFU-counts of earthworm intestines were close to those of processed substrates in two vermiculture plants studied. In the third plant, however, intestinal CFU-count was the same as that found in fresh vermiculture substrate.
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