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Protein hot spots prediction
Kašpárek, Jan ; Tkacz, Ewaryst (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
Knowledge of protein hot spots and the ability to successfully predict them while using only primary protein structure has been a worldwide scientific goal for several decades. This thesis describes the importance of hot spots and sums up advances achieved in this field of study so far. Besides that we introduce hot spot prediction algorithm using only a primary protein structure, based primarily on signal processing techniques. To convert protein sequence to numerical signal we use the EIIP attribute, while further processing is carried out via means of S-transform. The algorithm achieves sensitivity of more than 60 %, positive predictive value exceeds 50 % and the main advantage over competitive algorithms is its simplicity and low computational requirements.
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Gene order conservation in bacterial genomes
Martinková, Tereza ; Sedlář, Karel (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
Theoretical part of the thesis deals with basic concepts such as bacterial genome, comparative genomics and mainly synteny blocks. Here is explained what synteny is and what is its importance. In the theoretical part, the GenBank format is also mentioned, its content and usage. The practical part is focused on searching similarities in DNA sequences of reference bacteria with selected bacteria, their sorting by means of greedy algorithm and visualization of similarities using phylogenetic tree.
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Similarity/dissimilarity analysis of genomic data on the basis of graphical representation
Těthal, Jiří ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
The work deals with the identification of species of animal through the density of nucleotids of mitochondrial gene CO1. In the first part the theory summarized information about DNA barcoding and the mitochondria, cellular organel that with this method is closely related. The second part deals with virtually comparing different sequences using the density of nucleotides. For this it was created program, which uses two functions, the first of the specified nucleotide sequence calculates the density and one can compare the density by distance methods.
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Comparison of mitochondrial DNA for species identification
Labounek, René ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
The work deals with the method of recognizing species on the analysis of mitochondrial DNA segment. This analysis and classification using segment gene called CO1 in literatures such as barcode of life. In the beginning of work is analyzed the mitochondrial theory of heredity and conditions of formation of barcode. Practical use is based on this theory in creating database of barcodes generated to different animal species. Data used for creating the library are drawn from public databases NCBI and BOLD Systems. The next part of this work concerns about methods of comparison of the individual barcodes to the others and especially to the barcode of human. Three main computing methods were used tore these analyses: Needleman-Wunsch algorithm, Smith- Waterman algorithm and comparison of similarities using distance matrix. This work also concerns about transformation of DNA molecule sequences from symbols to numeric formats, which is required for the distance matrix comparison method. Algorithms for searching for a barcode of a species and vice versa were created to ease the work with data.
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Prediction of the replication origin in prokaryotic genomes
Lebó, Marko ; Maděránková, Denisa (referee) ; Sedlář, Karel (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with the problem of origin of replication (oriC) detection in genomes of prokaryotic organisms. It describes the differences in the processes of initiation of replication in organism of the both procaryotic domains – Bacteria and Archea. It describes the possibilities of conversion of DNA sequences into their numeric representaions and evaluates their application for oriC detection. Also, it describes different approaches in oriC detection and describes te functioning of already present programmes for oriC detection. Finally, it suggests a new tool for oriC detection in bacterial genomes – FindOri and discusses results, achieved during the testing of this tool.
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Geometry of protein moleculs
Novotný, Jan ; Maděránková, Denisa (referee) ; Škutková, Helena (advisor)
Objective of this work was to study the spatial arrangement of protein molecules, with their extraction, notations and variables used in the course descriptions. Prediction of protein structures is very important for determining the future function of proteins. Another objective was to create a function in MATLAB that will graphically represent the spatial arrangement of the backbone structure of the protein by form Ramachandran plot. Along with this function create another function to render the side-chains of amino acids and function to calculate the stereochemical quality. Finally, create a program for a complete assessment of the spatial arrangement of the protein molecules and calculating the stereochemical quality of and test program for protein structures from public databases RSCB PDB.
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Methods for prediction of secondary structure in proteins
Hoštáková, Nina ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
The examination of protein structure is crucial in determining protein function in organism. This work deals with the issue of 1D, 2D and 3D structures, into which are proteins organized in space. Emphasis is placed on secondary structure, which can be predicted directly from the amino acid sequences and then used for the estimation of spatial structure. On this procedure are focused computational methods, using algorithms that convert the order of amino acids into the order of preferences for secondary structures. To direct determination of the structure by creating structural models is devoted chapter Experimental Methods (NMR spectroscopy, RTG crystallography). The main aim of this work is practical realization of protein secondary structure prediction method. The created program is supplemented by graphical user interface. In the final part the results of the program based on Chou- Fasman method are compared to the outputs of freely available softwares from the Internet.
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Methods to detect selection in DNA sequences
Procházka, Ondřej ; Maděránková, Denisa (referee) ; Škutková, Helena (advisor)
The topic of semestral thesis is methods to detect selection in DNA sequences. In the begining of the thesis we will describe molecular evolution. It will be written what made the evolution and how the evolution is shown. Moreover there are gen mutations and mechanisms of diffuse and fixation. It will be defined what pozitive, negative and neutral selection is. The thesis is focused on evolution distance of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution. There will be described three methods – Nei-Gojobori, Li-Wu-Luo and Comeron. All these methods will be described with mathematic formulas. There will be statistic test to decide what kind of selection ti is – there will be used z-test. In the practical part, there will be information about developed software what counts selection pressure from sequences from databazes in format GenBank and it shows parts where selection is. The software will be used for two data sets with two different genetic codes. The result will be discussed. We will discuss results of all three methods of selection pressure and influence of input parametrs.
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Character-based methods for DNA barcoding
Kalianková, Kateřina ; Sedlář, Karel (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
This work deals with character-based DNA barcoding. DNA barcoding and character-based DNA barcoding methods are described in the introduction. Another part contains information of method CAOS (Characteristic Attributes Organization) and method BLOG (Barcoding with LOGic). Programs are described in the practical part. The end contains results.
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A tool for assessing the quality of multiple sequence alignments
Pelikánová, Veronika ; Maděránková, Denisa (referee) ; Škutková, Helena (advisor)
This thesis is dealing with quality assessment of multiple sequence alignments. It contains literature review of public available tools of multiple sequence alignments. The main part of this thesis focuses on the program on quality assessment of multiple sequence alignments (created with the help of various tools, using different settings, etc.). The program has a graphical user interface created in Matlab and is enclosed together with a set of nucleotide and protein sequences compiled for program testing and aplication. Last but not least, the thesis contains the assessment of public available tools resulting from program outputs.
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