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Alternative methods in the surgical treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Vojtěch, Zdeněk ; Nevšímalová, Soňa (advisor) ; Šonka, Karel (referee) ; Komárek, Vladimír (referee)
Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate effectiveness and complications of alternative methods of stereotactic treatment (gamma knife radiosurgery and radiofrequency amygdalohippocampectomy) in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy due to mesial temporal sclerosis. Methods: Both patient groups underwent a standard preoperative epilepsy evaluation. Both procedures were planned according to the individual anatomy of each patient. Between November 1995 and May 1999, 14 patients underwent Leksell Gamma Knife radiosurgical amygdalohippocampectomy with a marginal dose of 18, 20, or 25 Gy to the 50% isodose following. Between April 2004 and October 2009 a group of 51 patients was treated using stereotactic thermo-lesion of the same mesiotemporal structures. Lesions were performed using a string electrode inserted through the occipital approach with a single trajectory. Results: In the radiosurgical group, one patient was classified as Engel Class Ib, three were Engel Class IIc, four were Engel Class IIIa, five were Engel Class IVb and one was Engel class IVc 39 months after treatment. One patient was classified as Engel Class Ib, three were Engel Class IIc, one was Engel Class IIIa, and two were Engel Class IVb in a subgroup of seven patients who were unoperated 2 years prior to the last visit and at least 8...
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Assessment of motor activity in children with autism by inertial sensors - Method of measurement and its utilization in diagnostic
Nývltová, Lucie ; Komárek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Zounková, Irena (referee)
Autism belongs to developmental pervasive disorders. Primary symptoms of autism include failure in communication, social interaction and imagination. Other symptoms are abnormalities in physical activity manifested by delays in motor development, stereotyped movements, postural instability, impaired in imitation and dyspraxia. These symptoms already come up in the first years of life. The first diagnosis of autism used to be made between 2nd and 3rd year of life, however if the diagnosis could be based on physical symptoms, it would be possible to establish the diagnosis earlier. The work presents a method of measurement by inertial sensors that could be used to assess physical activity of autistic children.
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Elecrophysiological correlates in childhood autism
Kulísek, Robert ; Komárek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee) ; Krajča, Vladimír (referee) ; Drtílková, Ivana (referee)
Dětský autismus jako hlavní představitel skupiny pervazivních vývojových poruch (dále PVP) představuje i po více než 60 letech probíhajícího výzkumu stále velkou výzvu pro odborníky jak z oblasti základního výzkumu tak i pro klinické pracovníky. Závažnost této skupiny poruch byla dlouhou dobu podceňována, autismus byl zpočátku považován za velmi vzácné onemocnění . Po sjednocení a ustálení diagnostických kritérií a především díky zefektivnění diagnostických metod se však ukazuje, že se jedná o mnohem častější, navíc klinicky velmi závažné postižení. Včasná terapeutická intervence je podmíněna rozpoznáním prvních příznaků , přesnou diagnózou včetně stanovení prognózy a pečlivým dlouhodobým sledováním vývoje. Péče o pacienta s autismem je komplexní a vyžaduje pozornost celého týmu specialistů z různých medicínských oborLl. Dosavadní léčebné možnosti jsou však nadále neuspokojivé. Významnou a dosud kontroverzní otázkou je vzájemný vztah mezi pervazivními vývojovými porucham i, epilepsií a EEG epileptiformními abnormitami , které jsou s autismem ve vysoké míře asociovány. Je zvažován jejich patogenetický podíl na nepříznivém regresivním vývoji u některých pacientů , případný negativní vliv na intelektové funkce a behaviorální profil pacientů. Zdrojem inspirujících poznatkůjsou také některé epileptické syndromy...
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The role of main excitatory and inhibitory transmitters in epileptic seizures and the effect of antiepileptic drugs in the immature brain
Liptáková, Soňa ; Mareš, Pavel (advisor) ; Komárek, Vladimír (referee) ; Šlamberová, Romana (referee)
Epilepsy affects 50 million people worldwide. Approximately 50% of epilepsies start in the infancy and childhood. In addition, there are several age-bound epileptic syndromes which are difficult to treat. Due to these facts, developmental studies of epileptic seizures are of primary importance. Predominance of excitation over inhibition is a mechanism of nearly all types of epileptic seizures. Hypothesis that this compromised balance can be normalized by drugs affecting main excitatory and inhibitory system at different stages of brain development was tested in models with different pathogenesis. Our studies demonstrated that seizures induced by derrangement of GABAergic inhibition can be suppressed by antagonists of NMDA receptors (MK-801) and vice versa seizures with glutamatergic pathogenesis can be affected by drugs potentiating GABAergic system (valproate, ganaxolone) at all developmental stages in immature rats. Analysis of site of action of NMDA receptor antagonists demonstrated reciprocal function of anterior and posterior parts of substantia nigra, structure important for spread of epileptic activity to spinal cord. Special attention was given to an age-dependent model - flexion, emprosthotonic seizures elicited by administration of NMDA. Valproic acid, which potentiates GABAergic inhibition,...
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Uplatnění mechanizačních prostředků při pěstování LAKR
Komárek, Vojtěch
The bachelor's work concern with mechanization machines used in production of medical plants. In work is possible technological procedure also included. All costs in production of caraway calculated on 16 760,50 Kč.ha-1. The most expensive is tillage, which costs 3 312,30 Kč.ha-1. Wery expensive is also fertilization, which costs 2 924,20 Kč.ha-1. The cheapest is the seedbed treatment, which costs 627,20 Kč.ha-1. Economic analysis and overal profitability of the crop.
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Identification of epileptogenic neocortical areas by analysis of spatial distribution of interictal discharges
Janča, R. ; Kršek, P. ; Ježdík, P. ; Čmejla, R. ; Tomášek, M. ; Elišák, M. ; Jefferys, J. G. R. ; Jahodová, A. ; Komárek, V. ; Marusič, P. ; Jiruška, Přemysl
Algorithm utilizing principal component analysis was developed to analyze spatial distribution of interictal epileptiform discharges. This technique enables to seaprate interictal discharges into functionally significant clusters. Cluster properties can be used to identify epileptogenic components of the irritative zone
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