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Optimisation of Isolation Procedure and Characterization of Amorphous PHB granules
Kratochvíl, Zdeněk ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
First artificial PHB granules were prepared under the terms of this thesis. The effect of used PHB solvent, ultrasonic bath temperature and time, solvent evaporation temperature and stabilizing agent nature was investigated using dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering. The most proper parameters were demonstrated at samples which were prepared by dissolving of PHB in chloroform, stabilizing with CTAB or lecithin, ultrasonifying at 35 °C followed by chloroform evaporating at 60 °C. Based on ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy results, it was found out that PHB within the artificial granules were in crystalline form. The native PHB granules were isolated from Cupriavidus necator using either lysosyme, deoxyribonuclease and cell disruption by ultrasonification or digestion with alcalase, SDS and EDTA. Granules obtained by both isolation procedures were characterized by ATR-FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, light scattering techniques and DSC. According to the analyses results, the second mentioned procedure turned out to be more effective for obtaining the polymer in amorphous state. Furthermore, the polymer within granules recovered by using this procedure was thermally more stable. Last but not least, the native PHB granules samples were exposed to effect of acetone, lipase and sodium hypochlorite, assuming that polymer crystallinity should be increased by these chemicals in varying degrees. The highest degree of crystallinity was achieved after their treatment with lipase.
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Device Proposal for Measurement and Evaluation of Environmental Thermal State
Janečka, Jan ; Němeček, Pavel (referee) ; Kratochvíl, Zdeněk (referee) ; Vdoleček, František (advisor)
The thesis deals with evaluation of the environmental thermal state in closed rooms with people inside the room. The achievement of thermal comfort is related to thermal balance of human body. People are producing heat during their work, which has to be carried away from the body to surrounding area by radiation, convection, conduction, respiration and evaporation. The intensity of heat removal is influenced by environmental parameters, especially by air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air velocity and humidity. Personal factors as energy expenditure of human body and clothing resistance are influencing the intensity of heat removal as well. People are able to influence the thermal comfort by their behaviour in given environment, appropriate clothing and regulation of basic environmental parameters. CSN EN ISO 7730 standard states that environmental parameters should be estimated or measured. The operative temperature is than evaluated from collected data. This operative temperature is defined as the temperature of black enclosed area where the human body will be by convection and radiation sharing the same amount of heat as in real inconsistent environment. Nowadays on the market there is no cheap solution for sensor which is able to evaluate the operating temperature and could be used in buildings. There are a lot of professional sensors which have very high accuracy, but are very expensive. Therefore are mainly used only for research or for single and exceptional measurement of environmental thermal state in rooms. The thesis is therefore focused on proposal of suitable (compact) operative temperature sensor assembled according to valid regulations and standards. Emphasis is placed mainly on the sensor price together with guarantee of sufficient accuracy. The proposed sensor is providing information to control system which is than able to adjust the parameters of environment using appropriate way based on relevant requirements. Here is some space for energy savings due to possible continuous measurement and evaluation of environmental thermal state in different rooms. Therefore, during continuous measurement no unnecessary rooms overheating in winter as well as unreasonable cooling in summer should occur. This research and solution is than reflected in reduction of energy consumption used for building operation and subsequently reduction of the pollutants production. This issue is being watched with increasing interest. Another advantage is that whole system is able to work autonomously without human intervention. People no longer have to continuously adjust air temperature because the control system is able to evaluate the most appropriate adjustments based on objective data obtained from the sensor. The thesis includes subsequent verification of proposed sensor as well as the definition of sensor technical parameters including analysis of measurement uncertainties.
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Cleanthes' hymn to Zeus in its archaic Greek context
Svoboda, Vojtěch ; Kratochvíl, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Jirsa, Jakub (referee)
In its general part, this study tracks archaic motives in the Stoic (and at the first place Kleanthes') cosmology, in particular in respect of his conception of tonos. It concerns the relationship between the Stoics and the pre-Socratic philosophers as such, namely their attitude to Heraclitus. The study examines the transition of the text of Heraclitus' book to the Stoa and the role of different interpretations of Heraclitus as to the Stoic reception. In its special part, I concentrate on the place of the Hymn to Zeus in the hymnal tradition, especially on the influence of Aeschylus who carries many archaic elements. The final passage contains, hopefully, a complete list of parallels between the extant fragments of Heraclitus and the Hymn of Cleanthes.
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Mathematization in the Epinomis
Jíra, Petr ; Kratochvíl, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Mráz, Milan (referee)
The main problem of the Epinomis is number and its enormous value. In my work I try to explain all implications this interesting approach to reality. The anonymous author of the Epinomis associates number almost with all sort of branch. Some associations are quite startling. Knowledge of number- mathematics- is necessary for all arts, crafts, politics etc. Religion is all-important sphere in the Epinomis, in which the main thing is number. I try to contrast this mathematics-religion with traditional Greek religion. In the following I aspire to explain Plato's aproach to mathematics. I think that Plato's religion isn't mathematics. In the following I explain that mathematics in the Epinomis is divided into arithmetic, geometry,solid geometry, hormony and astronomy. The main science is astronomy, becouse in this branche man can to comprehend the value of number in the cosmos. The star's [planet] motion is perfectly periodical. The starry sky is the best teacher. Man had to venerate starry sky. Man needs deprive of tremor and devote all life to study of divine stars.
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The Christology of the First apocalypse of James in the context of the sources of gnosis
Ryneš, Pavel ; Kratochvíl, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Havrda, Matyáš (referee)
The Christology of the First Apocalypse of James in the context of the sources of gnosis is concerned with the third text of the fifth codex from the Nag Hammadi library. The starting point of the thesis is the translation of the text from Coptic to Czech, which is followed by a detailed analysis of the christology presented in the text. The focus is on major christological themes, such as Christ's existence before his descending on earth, his dwelling on earth, his death and salvific role. The next aim of the thesis is to provide the gnostic context of the tractate. The research is focused on valentinian gnosis, because the First apocalypse of James is usually classified as valentinian. The themes treated in more detail are the valentinian protology and the descriptions of the saviour's death in the Nag Hammadi texts. Substantial differences between the individual teachings of the tractates lead to the research of the polemical ambiance in the valentinian movement. Finallly it is shown that besides the reports of heresiologists there is evidence of this polemical enviroment in gnosis from within this movement. This evidence is the First Apocalypse of James.
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Whitehead's philosophy of nature (with special respect to "London period")
Andrle, Michal ; Kratochvíl, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Fiala, Ivan (referee) ; Zuska, Vlastimil (referee)
Autoreferátdisertačrrípráce English version During his long careeťas a thinker and publicist A.N. Whiteheadpassedthrouglrseveral developmentalstages.These rvere invariably marked by a specific intellectualtheme,or ratheran expandinggamutof subjectsthat came into the focus of his analysis.Furthermore, thesephasescan be dated,with a relatively high degreeof accuracy,accordingto the major landmarksin his careersincetheycoincidedalmostpreciselywith his placesof work. Thanks to theselinks' his worksrnaybe dividedinto theťollowingstagesof development: a) workson mathematicsandmathematicallogic ("Cambridgeperiod")(1898- 1910) b) "pan-physical"works, i.e. works on theoreticalphysics,"philosophyof nature" and the"philosophyof naturalsciences"("Londonperiod")(1910- 1924) c) "metaphysical"works("Harvardperiod")(1925- 1938) The individual stagesof his careerdisplay signif,rcantcontinuity (given by the author's personalidiosyncrasies),as well as substantialdiscontinuities(since Whiteheadmodifies termsand themesalongthe way). all of which are essentialto understandingthe development of his work. The major goal of thepresentstudyis to provide a comprehensiveoveryiew of the works on "the philosophyof nature"developedin his "London period".This is accomplishedby meansof a threefoldapproach.The majorityof this studyis...
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Fairy tale as a phenomenon (comparative reading of fairy tales)
Vrtbovská, Petra ; Svatoň, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kratochvíl, Zdeněk (referee) ; Hrbata, Zdeněk (referee)
Naším hlavním tématem je však porozumění obsahu a významu kouzelné pohádky a objevování příčin shody pohádek vyskytujících se v mnoha geograficky i kulturně vzdálených zemích světa. Hledání odpovědi na otázku: O čem je kouzelná pohádka je společným jmenovatelem všech kapitol. Východiskem byla jednoduchá hypotéza: Pohádka (možná) vypovídá o hlubokých základních lidských zkušenostech a existenciálních situacích. Je však třeba pátrat po tom, jestli se zakládá na pravdě a o jaké lidské zkušenosti a existenciální situace se jedná. Zároveň je pohádka (možná) živým prostředníkem interakce mezi dospělými a také mezi dospělými a dětmi, která pomáhá sdílet základní lidské zkušenosti. Vyprávění a společné prožívání pohádky je autentickým rituálem sdílení hlubokých pravd.
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Φύσις of Ionian thinkers
Kočandrle, Radim ; Kratochvíl, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Bouzek, Jan (referee) ; Hobza, Pavel (referee)
ÓÓo16 of the lonian thinkers Radim Kočandrle Ph.D. Dissertation- suÍnmarv The thesis aims to investigate the notion of tpóotg within the context of the early philosophy.The regulartranslationof thetermqÓotg is nature.Generally,the notionof góotg is consideredto play a central role in the way of thinking that originatedin Ionian Miletus. Thereforetheconceptof góotg is essentialfor theearlyphilosophy_ doxographywouldlater interpretthis period as the period of the ',inquiryinto nature..,iotopíct.nepi rpóoe<rlg;and almostallthe earlyphilosopher'swritingswouldbe calledIIep|qóoecoq"The thesis,however, dealsmerelywith the oldestconceptions.It concentrateson the notionof qóotg of the two Ionianphilosophers,namelyAnaximanderof Miletus and Heraclitus,the Ephesian.The set of fragmentsby Anaximandercontainsthe oldestdřect philosophicalfragmentsto be preserved. While in Heraclitus,thereis the frst occurrenceof the word tpóotq to be documentedin the historyof philosophy.Furthermore,thepre-philosophicaluseof the notionqóotg by Homer is alsodiscussed,sinceit impliessomenotableobservationsfor thedevelopmentof thenotion. The substantialpart of theinvestigationis formedup by thecritical reflectionof theauthors who mediatedtherelevanttext records.Such a criticalapproachis fundamentalfor studying Milesians especially.Their...
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From Eros to Philosophy
Hejduk, Tomáš ; Kratochvíl, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee) ; Navrátil, Martin (referee)
Summar7@issertation,,FromEros to Philosophy..,TomášHejduk) The studytries to answerthe following question:what is themeaningof thewordy'/ra in its specificusagein theconceptoffilo-sofia atthebeginningof theEuropeanculturď tradition? We answerthis questionby exploringSocrates'elaborationof the conceptof eros andhis relationto the godEros. We try to identi$ theconceptoffilia in Socrates'philosophymore precisely by displaying the conceptof eros in the sameway as it is elaboratedby this Athenianphilosopher. One of themain assetsof our work shouldlie in thecomparisonof theconventionalandnon- conventional(philosophicď)conceptionsof eros andfilia, in thesearchingfor anddescribing the differencesbetween taditional models of behaviour in ancient Greek society and Socratic-Platonicmodelsof eroticrelationshipsandits innovations.We intendto reveď how eros andthusfilia is understood1)by SocratesandPlato,i.e.by philosophers,2)by thinkers living beforeSocrates,i.e. on thefield of religion,3) by Socrates'contemporaries,regardless of them being intellectuals (Lysias, Aristophanes) or not (Xenophon). We therefore contemplatethe philosophical conceptof eros from tfueedifferentpoints of view: from the meaningof filia in the notionoffilo-sofia; from the differenceof thetraditional(religious) conception;from the differenceof the...
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Whitehead's philosophy of nature (with special respect to "London period")
Andrle, Michal ; Kratochvíl, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Fiala, Ivan (referee) ; Zuska, Vlastimil (referee)
Autoreferátdisertačrrípráce English version During his long careeťas a thinker and publicist A.N. Whiteheadpassedthrouglrseveral developmentalstages.These rvere invariably marked by a specific intellectualtheme,or ratheran expandinggamutof subjectsthat came into the focus of his analysis.Furthermore, thesephasescan be dated,with a relatively high degreeof accuracy,accordingto the major landmarksin his careersincetheycoincidedalmostpreciselywith his placesof work. Thanks to theselinks' his worksrnaybe dividedinto theťollowingstagesof development: a) workson mathematicsandmathematicallogic ("Cambridgeperiod")(1898- 1910) b) "pan-physical"works, i.e. works on theoreticalphysics,"philosophyof nature" and the"philosophyof naturalsciences"("Londonperiod")(1910- 1924) c) "metaphysical"works("Harvardperiod")(1925- 1938) The individual stagesof his careerdisplay signif,rcantcontinuity (given by the author's personalidiosyncrasies),as well as substantialdiscontinuities(since Whiteheadmodifies termsand themesalongthe way). all of which are essentialto understandingthe development of his work. The major goal of thepresentstudyis to provide a comprehensiveoveryiew of the works on "the philosophyof nature"developedin his "London period".This is accomplishedby meansof a threefoldapproach.The majorityof this studyis...
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