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Digital conversion of analog signals
Čermák, Petr ; Sedláček, Jiří (referee) ; Murina, Milan (advisor)
My work is focused on digital elaboration of the analog signal. In my work the analysis has been carried out in all parts of digit chains processing analog signal. The entranced variable is signal from measuring coil, which is afterwards strengthen and transfer to a sampler. The sample signal is processed by an A/D converter and then sends to a parallel port. On the basis of acquired data the scheme has been constructed for sample processing. The transfer to the parallel port is done (made) in two steps, at first one part of the word is transferred and then the rest of the word follows. Between the converter and sampler is tight relationship and synchronization. Both of them are managed from one central bus.
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The effect of soil structure on the hydraulic characteristics of the soil
Čermák, Petr ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Soil is very important in the hydrological cycle of landscape. The retention and storage ability depends on the quality, type of structure and other properties of the soil. The retention ability of soil is determined by gravitational pores (the coarsest pores), which are drained off after filling the water. The accumulation depends on the capillary pores in which water is bounded by capillary forces. The soil works also as a filter´s environment which cleans naturally the water. This process can be also converse, when various substances are released from soil to water. The state and amount of water between the surface of soil and level of groundwater affect many important processes such as fertility of soil, drain from drainage area, supply of groundwater sources and others. Structure of soil changes fundamentally by cultivation of soil and types of farming crops. Aggregates are mechanical destructed by weather conditions and soil gradually loses its good qualities, fertility is reducing and flood protection is decreasing. This fact can be avoided by right choice of crops and the type of tillage soil.
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Antimicrobial efficacy of quaternary ammonium salts
Hympánová, Michaela ; Marek, Jan (advisor) ; Pejchalová, Marcela (referee) ; Čermák, Pavel (referee)
This dissertation thesis deals with the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of newly prepared compounds based on quaternary ammonium salts (KAS) and their reference standards commonly used in practice. The new compounds were prepared in cooperation with the Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy of the Faculty of Military Health Sciences of the University of Defence and the Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospital Hradec Králové as a part of joint projects. The antimicrobial activity was established on gram-positive (G+) and gram-negative (G-) bacteria from type culture collections and clinical isolates, in planktonic and biofilm form. At first, the basic antimicrobial activity evaluation was performed by using the microdilution broth method. Additionally, the modified methodology was used to explore the influence of culture broth and initial bacterial density on evaluating the antimicrobial activity. Secondly, by using the quantitative suspension test, that better simulates normal practice conditions, has been successfully implemented at the department for the detailed antimicrobial activity evaluation. Thirdly, the biofilm model based on the Calgary Biofilm Device was successfully introduced and optimized for antibiofilm activity testing. Detailed antibiofilm activity was...
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Gerund in Spanish and its translation counterparts in Czech and Russian
Kavko, Marharyta ; Krinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
in English: The purpose of this bachelor's thesis was the analysis of the Spanish gerund and its translated analogues in Czech and Russian languages along with a contrastive analysis of the translations. The main goal of the thesis is to discover which translation equivalents were chosen for the Czech and Russian languages, if they have any similarity and what kind of difference in the translation tradition appears. The main sources for the theoretical part were prominent Spanish, Czech and Russian grammatic and linguistic works. As the source of material for the contrastive analysis of the translation from Spanish to Czech was used the parallel Czech-Spanish corpus InterCorp. For the contrastive analysis of the translation from Spanish to Russian was used the method of manual excerpting from the officially published Russian publications. Key words: Gerund, transgressive, translation, Spanish, Czech, Russian, contrastive analysis
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The presence of cooperative learning in Spanish classes: observation and analysis of problems
Hanzalová, Marie Anna ; González Lozano, Javier (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
The primary objective of the present study was to conduct an analysis of the presence of cooperative learning in Spanish as a foreign language (ELE) classes in the Czech Republic, with a specific focus on identifying the main challenges encountered by secondary school teachers during this process. To accomplish this goal, a mixed-method research approach was employed, utilizing an online questionnaire specifically designed for Spanish teachers. The initial section of the questionnaire encompassed an investigation into the participants' level of familiarity with the term "cooperative learning," as well as their knowledge and utilization of various cooperative techniques. Furthermore, the study explored the specific areas in which cooperative learning was applied, the essential prerequisites for its successful implementation, and the associated benefits linked to this pedagogical methodology. Conversely, the subsequent section of the questionnaire centred around examining the perceived obstacles encountered by teachers, students, and external factors that negatively impact the integration of cooperative learning within the classroom environment. The research findings underscored the widespread awareness regarding the concept of cooperative learning, with each teacher, on average, demonstrating...
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Variants of the /b/ phoneme in Spanish and their pronunciation by Czech speakers
Jerijová, Milada ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the phoneme /b/ in Spanish and the difficulty for Czech speakers of Spanish to learn the rules for pronouncing the phoneme. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the phonemes in both languages, possible contexts causing problems and didactic approaches to the acquisition of the phonological aspect of the language. The thesis includes research among students of Spanish, and the phonetic program Praat was used for the analysis. The results of the investigation showed that students find it difficult to acquire the rules for the phoneme pronunciation, mainly because of the written form. Thus, methods are proposed to incorporate phonetics more into the teaching. Key words: Spanish, Czech, phonetics, language acquisition, Praat, pronunciation
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Interactional Alignment and Structural Priming in Spanish
Kazdová, Tereza ; Kratochvílová, Dana (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
(English) Interactional Alignment and Structural Priming in Spanish This research paper investigates the two phenomena, interactional alignment and structural priming, in colloquial conversation in Spanish, applying the theoretical framework of cognitive linguistics. The first part serves as an introduction to cognitive linguistics, presenting some fundamental ideas of this theory and providing definitions of a few key terms, such as conceptualization, construal and intersubjectivity, which set the ground for the study of interactional alignment and structural priming. Next, some general human behavioural tendencies relative to imitation and interpersonal coordination are introduced to put verbal communication into a more holistic perspective. The theoretical part concludes with a detailed account of interactional alignment and structural priming. The practical part of this paper comprises an analysis of ten conversations extracted from Val.Es.Co, a corpus of colloquial Spanish. The analysis focuses on the repetition of lexical items and syntactic structures with the aim of demonstrating that interactional alignment and structural priming play a part in spontaneous conversation. Besides, the purpose of this study is to investigate how these phenomena add to the smoothness of a dialogue, promote...
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Stress in the Spanish of Czech speakers
Kostelecká, Viktorie ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
The presented thesis concerns suprasegmental level of acoustic aspect of language and specifically devotes to stress issues. Due to the non-identical Spanish and Czech stress system, it is assumed that Czech students of Spanish as L2 would have varying error rate or dissimilarity. This study aims to ascertain the pronunciation level of Spanish stress by Czech speakers in a quantitative but also qualitative way. On the basis of present experiment, we would like to find some kind of regularity and perhaps detect a possible cause based of the facts of Czech stress. The first part pays attention to define stress, list it`s typology, function, but also focuses on syllable, vowel, and their relation to stress. In the second part there`s presented a contrastive comparison of stress in Czech and Spanish languages, its phonetic realization, acoustic perception, position, and relation to quantity. The third part represents the experiment itself based on audio recordings, its analysis and follow-up results processing.
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Augmentatives in Contemporary Spanish
Trousilová, Adéla ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Krinková, Zuzana (referee)
(in English) This paper deals with augmentatives in contemporary Spanish, which are very productive in colloquial Spanish. I have focused specifically on three augmentative suffixes: -ón/-ona, -azo/-aza and -ote/-ota. I investigated these suffixes on two language corpora, the monolingual Araneum corpus and the parallel InterCorp corpus. On the Araneum corpus I focused on the different meanings that augmentatives can convey depending on the context, and on the InterCorp corpus I observed the Czech counterparts of Spanish augmentatives. Within these corpus analyses, I showed that Spanish augmentatives rarely convey only size and usually carry other meaning features along with size, depending on the context, such as contempt, anger, praise, closeness, and irony. In some cases, the intention of the speaker is also observable through the augmentative.
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Crystal field by the means of single-crystal Time of Flight scattering
Venclík, Štěpán ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Klicpera, Milan (referee)
Crystal electric field has been studied since the 1970s using inelastic neu- tron spectrometry. A simple one-day time-of-flight measurement on pow- dered samples is often used. This thesis aims to demonstrate a method of determination of the crystal electric field parameters based on the data ob- tained from neutron time-of-flight spectrometer on a single crystal. A single crystal of the intermetallic compound PrNi5 was successfully prepared us- ing the floating zone furnace and characterised using XRD, EDX, and Laue diffraction. The time-of-flight scattering on the single crystal was conducted using HYSPEC at ORNL. A Monte Carlo calculation was carried out based on the scattering data to determine the crystal electric field parameters. The usefulness of the time-of-flight scattering on a single crystal for crystal electric field determination, particularly for systems with many crystal field levels, was shown. 1
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