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Faustian character in 20th century French language drama
Tschornová, Kateřina ; Pohorský, Aleš (advisor) ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (referee)
The diploma work Faustian Character in 20th Century French Language Drama summarizes the history and circumstances of Faustian legend, Faust's mythological and archetypical aspect. Compares Goethe's classical work to three French dramas by Valéry, Ghelderode and Tardieu. An analysis follows of three contemporary plays (Catheriene Anne: Trois Femmes / L'échappée, Xaviera Durringer: Bal-Trap and Jacques Languirand: Faust et les radicaux libres) and an overview of Czech and European Fausts.
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Paradoxal interpretation of scientist in chosen pieces by Villiers de l'Isle-Adam
Horňáčková, Katarína ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (advisor) ; Pohorský, Aleš (referee)
work of Villiers de l'Isle-Adam is significant for the ambivalent relationship to his century which has become known as the century of Progress. On one hand, Villiers is fascinated by Science and its possibilities, on the other hand, he warns against the Science which has become new religion of this period. He projects the anamnesis of his century into a bizzare gallery of men of Science. First, we will see the inventors whose creations should facilitate our life but in reality, they repress everything that goes against the doctrine of the "sane intelligence". The next group of scientists are those who adjust people according to the spirit of the epoch which claims continence. These scientists treat people with the "balm of sane inteligence" helping to get rid off such "anachronisms" as calling of glory or honour, patriotism or remorses. But Villiers goes even further in his criticism and he introduces us cold maniacs of knowledge. For them, a human life is less valuable than the slightest scientific discovery. Next scientists who appear in Villiers's work are Tribulat Bonhomet and Edison. On one side, Bonhomet is the extract of all that Villiers imagines under the term of "blind pragmatism". Nevertheless, he is also an uncompleted esquisse of the most noble representative of Science whom Villiers has ever...
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The problem of identity in the Martinican literature of the 20th century
Jarolímková, Kateřina ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (advisor) ; Pohorský, Aleš (referee)
The document seeks to explore the problem of the (re)construction of an authentic identity in the twentieth-century Martinican literature. Outlining the everyday reality of the island, the work tries to itemize the principal traumatisms of the Martinican post-slavery society that the litterature adopts, striving to find for them the proper remedy. Moreover, analysing the concrete pieces of Aimé Césaire, Édouard Glissant and Patrick Chamoiseau, the document shows the actual evolution of the identity search in the Martinican literature as well as the cultural and literary means that the Martinican writers use to overcome finally the identity and cultural alienation of their original society, and presents at the same time the possible future developpement of the Martinican identity itself.
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Orality as a source of the inspiration for the francophone African and Caribbean litteratures
Komers, Petr ; Pohorský, Aleš (advisor) ; Kyloušek, Petr (referee) ; Zima, Petr (referee)
Tato práce se snaží poukázat na to, jak orální kultura (a oralita jako dosud převažující či vlivný komunikační systém v tradičnějších společnostech) může inspirovat psanou literaturu, jak ji mohou obohatit formálně i obsahově, a přitom podnítit autorskou fantasii. K demonstraci tohoto fenoménu je využito téměř výhradně francouzsky psané prózy dvou frankofonních oblastí: karibských ostrovů a černé, zejména Západní Afriky. Některá výjimečná díla z těchto regionů, napsaná ve francouzštině, prozrazují silný vliv této inspirace, a vynikají právě tím, jak jej jejich autoři dokázali přetvořit do unikátních literárních textů. Takových autorů je v obou zmíněných oblastech celá řada (B. Dadié, M. M. Diabaté, B. Diop, E. Glissant, R. Confiant…), a každý čerpá z orality své země svým osobitým způsobem. Tento inspirační zdroj je otevřený a potenciálně velmi bohatý. I když tato disertace obsahuje četné citace z knih zmíněných i dalších spisovatelů, nejlépe by tuto skutečnost měly dokázat zevrubnější analysy dvou slavných románů, jimiž se tato práce uzavírá a svým způsobem jimi vrcholí. Jde o román Les Soleils des indépendences (Slunce nezávislostí) od Ahmadoua Kouroumy z Pobřeží slonoviny a o román Solibo magnifique (Solibo ohromný) od Patricka Chamoiseaua z Martiniku. Protože tato studie se zabývá literaturami, jež...
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The term "Romand literature" and the role of publishers in the formation of literary life in francophone Switzerland in the 20th century
Břečková, Veronika ; Pohorský, Aleš (advisor) ; Hrbata, Zdeněk (referee) ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (referee)
This dissertation contributes to the studies of Francophone literatures in Czech universities by presenting Swiss French written literature, called "Romand literature" in Switzerland, and explaining the role that Swiss publishers played in the formation of literary life in the second half of the 20th century, precisely from the end of the Second World War to the beginning of the 1980s. The term "Romand literature" is explained in connection with the conception and evolution of other Francophone literatures and their particular emancipation efforts in the 20th century. The answer to the question of what the identity of Romand literature is and how this literature might be defined is found in the process of institutionalization of Romand literature, and here the institution of the publisher is at the center of interest. Other literary institutions - in the sociologic notion of social structures and relations having a relative authority in the defined space and time - such as Romand literary reviews, literary critics and history, universities, and literary awards are presented in relation to the notion of Romand literature and to the institution of a publisher. The dissertation takes into consideration the main events in the evolution of literary institutions in the first half of the 20th century. The...
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The phenomenon of the crowd in Zola: sociological contribuiton to the representation of the crowd in the work of Émile Zola
Boháčová, Lenka ; Duffková, Jana (referee) ; Pohorský, Aleš (advisor)
This dissertation treats of the crowd in the work of Émile Zola, especially in his novel Germinal. The objective of the dissertation is not only to analyse the representation of the crowd in this novel and to classify it, but also to reveal the similarities and differences between this representation and the "scientific" observations of "crowd psychologists" at the end of the 19th century, Scipio Sighele, Gabriel Tarde and Gustave Le Bon. We have chosen, as a method of analysis, to combine a close reading of the novel with a sociological approach by using Bourdieu's construct of literary field and Bakhtin's chronotope. At the end of our literary analysis we try to look at Germinal in a larger context and observe the social determinations which had an impact on it. The point is to try to locate the writer among the other contemporary writers and explain his literary choices from this position. The depiction of the crowd in the work of Émile Zola, contrary to the approach of Sighele, Tarde and Le Bon, who agreed on the fact that the crowd presents a danger for the society, is more nuanced. Although we can find also a negative interpretation of the crowd in Germinal (mainly in the scenes full of violence of the marching crowd), as well as the same women-like emotionality and instability, though there is the...
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The relation between style and sense in Gustave Flaubert's Sentimental Education
Javůrková, Jana ; Pohorský, Aleš (referee) ; Jamek, Václav (advisor)
This thesis examines the conception of style in Sentimental Education as a pure formal beauty. The first part of the study traces the evolution of this conception by analysing the thought of several critics : A. Thibaudet, R. Barthes, L. Cellier and J.-P. Duquette. This analysis leads us to claim that the conception of style as an ornament is conditioned by a certain interpretation of the novel : the fact that Frédéric and his friends have not brought their efforts to a close is considered as a failure and Flaubert is branded as a pessimist. Since the examined critics are annoyed by this in-achievement of the narrated tasks, they need to compensate it with something achieved : a perfect beauty. Thus, it's a desire of the absolute that shows through this conception of style. Postulating that style and sense are two inseparable phenomena, the second part of the study shows that this desire is exactly what the novel seeks to dissuade us from. Our analysis reveals in the text a systematic use of irony, which suggests the destruction of the missions imposed to the characters at the same time that these are narrated to us. Thus, the aspirations for the absolute (for the unity) are esposed through the expectations of the reader.
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The development of the picture of the heroine in French novels of the XIIth and XIIIth centuries
Plotzová, Kateřina ; Pohorský, Aleš (advisor) ; Jamek, Václav (referee) ; Kyloušek, Petr (referee)
The main theme of medieval novels such as Tristan, Cligs, Yvain, Lancelot, Jaufre and Flamenca is called fine amor, a pure love that represents the ideal of the love relation between the lady and her knight, both of aristocratic origins. Heroines such as Iseut, Fénice, Laudine, Guenivre, Brunissen and Flamenca represent women for whom love is the fundamental value even if each one of them have their own way to live it. The Lady s character is not only influenced by the Celtic mythology, but also by the following of the Virgin Mary which developed during the 12th Century alongside the Courtly love. Neverthless, there is no need to identify fine amor with the mystic love, because it represents, as well as Lady, the ideal of the Knighthood and not one of the Clergy. Iseut is torn between her husband and her lover, between her social obligations as a queen and the demands of her heart. She lives in conflict with society and with her own conscience. Her fault is diminished by the fact that her love for Tristan is ignited by a magic beverage they drink together on the sea (without knowing it is a magic drink), although this doesn't make her entirely innocent. Much like Eve, Iseut is a sinner that symbolizes the 12th century woman. Her character is further enhanced by the presence of Brangien, her maid, and...
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The decline of courtly love ideal in the prose of 15th century
Novotná, Hana ; Jamek, Václav (advisor) ; Pohorský, Aleš (referee)
This study, entitled ''The Dechne of Courtly Love Ideal in the Prose of 15th century", examines the origins, evolution, and the eventual dechne of courtly love. The Mal period is illustrated by Antoine de la Sale's piece from the mid-fifteenth century, fehan de Saintré. The first part introduces various theories of the origin of courtly love. Denis de Rougemonťs controversial theory of the religious origin of courtly love is presented in more detail, and compared to other, more c1assical theories. The fundamentals of courtly love as described in The Romance oj the Rose are compared to those in De Amore by Andreas Capellanus. The uptake of courtly ideals by pro se, as well as their further deve1opment, especially in nove1s, are also treated. The second part outlines two principal perspectives of the literary theory on fehan de Saintré. In particular, the consideration of this piece as a nostalgic remembrance of the vanishing fame of courtly love is contrasted with the interpretation of fehan de Saintré as a portrait of Jehan's successful chivalric career. The detailed study of the sections relevant to the "courtoise" reveals the latter theory to be more persuasive.
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