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The effect of variable load on maximal strength, strength endurance and muscle hypertrophy
Hanuš, Karel ; Blažek, Dušan (advisor) ; Hojka, Vladimír (referee)
7 Abstract Title: The effect of variable load on maximal strength, strength endurance and muscle hypertrophy. Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to determine the effect of variable resistances in strength training on maximal strength, muscle hypertrophy and strength endurance. Methods: The work is prepared on the basis of a systematic literature search. The source of information will be professional articles and studies from the Internet databases PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Results: The findings of this bachelor's thesis revealed no significant differences between variable and resistance loads in terms of maximal strength and muscle hypertrophy. We can expect similar improvements from both training modalities. Only one study investigated the effect of variable load on muscular endurance, the result of which was a significant improvement compared to load, but there is currently not enough information to draw a conclusion. Keywords: variable load, maximal strength, power endurance, muscle hypertrophy
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Comparison of kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the running stride in barefoot running, minimalist shoes, spiked shoes and running shoes
Frontzová, Kamila ; Hojka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Vostatková, Pavlína (referee)
Title: Comparison of kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the running stride in barefoot running, minimalist shoes, spiked shoes and running shoes Objectives: The goal of this study is to determine how selected kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the running stride change with different types of footwear (shoes, spiked shoes, minimalist shoes) or when running barefoot. Methods: The measurements were conducted on 21 participants (active athletes competing in athletic disciplines for at least four years, capable of running in track spikes). A biomechanical analysis was performed using dynamometric plates and the Optojump Next optical device. The research was conducted on a long jump runway at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport of Charles University, with each participant running a prepared 30-meter track 8-10 times at 80 % of their maximum speed. Statistical analysis was performed using the magnitude-based inference method. Results: Step frequency increased when running barefoot (shoes: 3.89 ± 0.23 steps/s, minimalist shoes: 3.90 ± 0.18 steps/s, track spikes: 3.91 ± 0.21 steps/s, barefoot: 3.94 ± 0.22 steps/s), step length shortened when running barefoot (shoes: 199.3 ± 7.5 cm, minimalist shoes: 200.1 ± 6.3 cm, track spikes: 199.7 ± 6.8 cm, barefoot: 198.8 ± 6.7 cm), and the flight...
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Proposal for a new study program Healthy lifestyle
Hrušková, Karolína ; Vlk, Aleš (advisor) ; Hojka, Vladimír (referee)
Title: Proposal for a new study program Healthy lifestyle Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to design an innovative and comprehensive Healthy Lifestyle study programme that is internationally competitive and responds to current needs and trends in society. The proposal aims to provide a universal educational foundation that can be adapted to different institutions to effectively meet all requirements and demands in the area of healthy lifestyle. Methods: Comparative and qualitative methods of document analysis are used, focusing on the level of lifestyle of the Czech population and comparison of study programmes of public and private universities in the Czech Republic and abroad. Another method used is expert assessment through an electronic questionnaire, which provided expert feedback on the curriculum proposal, which is crucial for refining and shaping the final version of the proposal. The combination of theoretical exploration and practical evaluation allows for a well-grounded curriculum. Results: The research confirms that the current study offer in the Czech Republic does not sufficiently respond to the rapid changes in society related to the growing emphasis on health and preventive care. The population of the Czech Republic needs increased support for healthy lifestyle and current...
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Success of Evasive Maneuvers in Women's Sevens Rugby Players
Maštera, Jan ; Hojka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kaplan, Aleš (referee)
Title: Success of Evasive Maneuvers in Women's Sevens Rugby Players Objectives: This study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of evasive maneuvers within the gameplay context during women's sevens rugby matches Methods: The research analysed women's rugby sevens matches, focusing on evasive manoeuvres such as side steps, swerves, fake passes, quick acceleration and deceleration, hitch kicks, ducking, and spine moves. We established a scale to measure the success of evasive manoeuvres, taking into account their impact on the game Results: The most frequently used evasive manoeuvre was the side step, followed by the swerve and quick acceleration and deceleration. The cut-back manoeuvre was most associated with overcoming defenders. The ducking manoeuvre was most frequently linked to tackles, exhibiting the highest scoring potential. The hitchkick manoeuvre was associated with the most significant loss Keywords: rugby; agility; decision making; evasive maneuvers
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Evaluation of Selected Biomechanical Parameters in Triple Jump
Sivila, Siddartha Humberto ; Hojka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kaplan, Aleš (referee)
Bachelor thesis title: Evaluation of selected biomechanical parameters in triple jump Prepared by: Siddartha Humberto Sivila Supervisor of the bachelor thesis: Mgr. Vladimír Hojka, Ph.D. Aims of the thesis: The aim of the thesis was to determine the correlation between individual phases and overall performance in the triple jump, whether approach speed is an influencing factor, and if there is any correlation between performance and ground contact time in individual phases. Methodology: This study focused on utilizing the method of secondary analysis and correlation comparison to identify relationships and trends in data obtained from the Championship of Czech Republic, published on the website of the Czech Athletic Association. Results: The research demonstrated that the most decisive role in triple jump performance is determined by the hop phase, followed by the step phase. 18,8 % of the triple jump performance can be explained by the approach speed. Keywords: athletics, triple jump, analysis, evaluation, biomechanics, performance.
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Comparative analyses of muscle activation lower extremities during running at different surface
Král, David ; Bačáková, Radka (advisor) ; Hojka, Vladimír (referee)
Title: Comparative analyses of muscle activation lower extremities during running at different surface. Objectives: The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to compare the level of activation of selected muscles of the lower extremities and the relative timing of these activations. Realize measurements on three types of surface: tartan, grass, sand and find out the differences in activations of selected muscles according to the surface. Methods: In this thesis, we used the method of analysis and the method of comparison. We applied the analysis method in the analysis of the measured signals for the running step and the comparison method in the section comparing average running step cycles from different surface types. Results: We found out that running on the tartan, acitvates all the monitored muscles in more than 75% of the average cycles within 10% of the running step time period. For tartan, grass and sand, we researched that the order of activated muscles is different, although the starts of activation are not different in time from each other within one stride cycle. On the tartan, the activation of the tibialis anterior and peroneus longus muscles in both lower ewtermities is comparably same long as in the heads of the gastrocnemius. On the sandy surface, a double activation occurred in the...
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Changes in biomechanical parameters of the running stride during model training of a special pace 800m runner (in the preparatory and competition period)
Petrásková, Veronika ; Hojka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Feher, Jan (referee)
Title: Changes in biomechanical parameters of the running stride during model training of a special pace 800 m runner (in the preparatory and competition period) Objectives: The aim of this pilot study was to determine the dynamics of changes in selected biomechanical parameters and then to compare these changes in probands over a 2- month period based on baseline and outcome measurements. Methods: The measurements were performed on three probands, each proband representing a different type of runner (novice athlete, recreational athlete, performance athlete in the national under-23 team). Qualitative analyses with the Optojump device were used. The research was carried out in a pressurized hall in Strahov on an indoor 200 m track in two measurements. The first measurement represented the end of the preparation period and the second the competition period. The probands completed the so-called model training (300 m and 200 m) at a special pace with a one-minute break between sections. During the selected sections, biomechanical parameters were collected by Optojump equipment on an indoor 200 m track in 10 m corridors. Results: Proband 1 improved by 3.1 s over 300 m and by 2.1 s over 200 m in the output measurements of the model training. This improvement was reflected in a 0.006 s reduction in...
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The effect of complex and isolated exercises on maximal strength and muscle hypertrophy
Rychtera, Jan ; Blažek, Dušan (advisor) ; Hojka, Vladimír (referee)
Title: The effect of complex and isolated exercises on maximal strength and muscle hypertrophy Objectives: The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to determine the effectiveness of single-joint and multi-joint exercises on muscle hypertrophy, maximal and submaximal strength in a non-training population. Methods: The given isolated and complex training plan was used in the work, where one group performed training containing complex exercises, the other only isolated exercises. The total intervention lasted 15 weeks, with 6 weeks dedicated to the exercise program, 1 week to the output measurement of body composition on the InBody720 device and testing of 1OM, 3OM, 12OM strength performances, according to which the effectiveness of the applied programs was evaluated. The same measurement was carried out in the first week before the start of the intervention itself in the form of an initial measurement. A 14-day break was followed by an exchange of exercise programs for both groups, and the entire cycle was repeated. The Baechle protocol was used to assess maximal strength. Data from the testing were evaluated using statistical functions mean, standard deviation (SMODCH) and using parametric T- tests. Results: The study found that both isolated and complex exercise plans had a positive effect on the...
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Training exercises and methods for developing the special strength of adult pole vaulters
Švec, Jan ; Hojka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Jebavý, Radim (referee)
Title: Training means and methods for developing the special strength of adult pole vaulters Objectives: The aim of the bachelor thesis is to create a list of exercises used in the special strength training of pole vaulters. Another goal is their description for the best possible understanding of the exercise. Further, subsequent photo documentation for better orientation in the execution of the exercise. And the following description of the use of exercises in training. Methods: Information for the bachelor's thesis was obtained from special literature. Another important source of information was my own training and racing experience. Further consultations with pole vaulting experts. A selection of exercises from the literature and information from experts. Their subsequent photo shoot, photo editing and description. Results: I successfully created a list of exercises and discovered many new exercises that I can continue to use in my training. The exercises were simply described, and thanks to the photographic documentation, the exercises can be performed easily. Keywords: pole vault, athletics, special preparation, strengthening, technique
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Evaluation of selected biomechanical parameter's in triple jump
Sivila, Siddartha Humberto ; Kaplan, Aleš (advisor) ; Hojka, Vladimír (referee)
Bachelor thesis title: Evaluation of selected biomechanical parameters in triple jump Prepared by: Siddartha Humberto Sivila Supervisor of the bachelor thesis: Doc. PhDr. Ales Kaplan, Ph.D., MBA. Aims of the thesis: The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to evaluate selected biomechanical parameters of medalists from the Czech Republic Triple Jump Championships in recent years. The thesis focused on analyzing the performances of Czech triple jumpers, approach velocities, lengths of individual jumps, and ground contact times. An additional objective was to examine the relationship between ground contact time and speed loss, in order to determine whether the statement holds true that shorter ground contact time results in lesser speed loss. Methodology: The research utilized a method of analysis and comparison based on data obtained from the website of the Czech Athletics Federation. Foreign scientific articles and Czech literature were used to enhance understanding. Comparisons were conducted between the indoor and outdoor seasons. Performance comparisons were made among individual jumpers occupying medal positions. Additionally, a comparison was made between the indoor and outdoor seasons. Results: To achieve medal positions in the indoor season, in recent years it was necessary to achieve...
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