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Laboratory Work in the Teachings of Biology as a Means of Developing Selected Key Competences of Pupils
Nováková, Monika ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
The topic of this diploma thesis is Laboratory work in the teaching of biology as a means of developing selected key competences of pupils. The thesis consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part is divided into five chapters. The first chapter summarizes the issue of curriculum documents of the Czech Republic. The second chapter is devoted to teaching methods with a more detailed description of the methods used in the empirical part of the work. The remaining chapters are focused on the topic of the musculoskeletal system and describe individual types of its dysfunctions. The main goal of the empirical part of the work is to create a proposal for a laboratory exercise with the theme: Dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system. This laboratory work is designed in such a way as to develop the selected key competences of the pupils and at the same time make it possible to find out whether the pupils possess the selected key competences. The presence of the appropriate specific skills of pupils is determined by the method of a questionnaire investigation intended for teachers participating in the research. The second part of the empirical work evaluates the own laboratory measurements of 85 pupils and enables an indicative determination of the percentage representation of...
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Optimization of Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Patterns
Zídková, Tereza ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Nejedlý, Adam (referee)
Optimization of circadian rhythms and sleep patterns The abstract of the bachelor thesis This bachelor thesis summarizes current scientific knowledge on the relationships between circadian rhythms, sleep, and light, and analyzes their mutual interactions influencing the health of organisms, particularly human society. Sleep is among the most crucial determinants of overall health, and the influence of natural or artifficial light can effectively optimize it on one hand, but desynchronize it to the detriment of overall organism functioning on the other. Modern humans are increasingly exposed to artifficial lighting due to spending the majority of their time indoors, leading to a deficiency in natural light globally. This is associated with numerous problems ranging from disruptions in biological rhythms to various other civilization-related illnesses. In summarizing this issue, some recommendations are made for optimizing and personalizing both artificial and natural sunlight to improve sleep, which is a significant biological marker for optimal health.
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DNA Visualization with Regard to High School Biology Education
Špačková, Lucie ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Vojíř, Karel (referee)
This bachelor's thesis explores in detail the issue of DNA visualization and its use in the teaching of biology in high schools. It is based on the description of technological methods for DNA visualization, including gel electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, fluorescence microscopy and molecular hybridisation. Emphasis is placed on the study of the structure and properties of DNA, including the process of DNA replication, which is essential for the understanding of the function of DNA. It also compares the different types of visualization dyes available for staining DNA, providing a comprehensive overview of their properties and potential. Emphasis is placed on the potential applications of these methods and dyes in the context of high school biology education. Overall, the thesis attempts to provide a comprehensive view of DNA visualization and its use in high school education.
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Teaching the Neonatal and Infant Stages of Ontogenesis at the 2nd Level of Primary School.
Netušilová, Nikola ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
The main aim of the diploma thesis was to design and implement a teaching programme for 8th grade of primary schools which acts upon the topic of the neonatal and infant period. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis gives the reader a comprehensive overview of the different stages that a newborn goes through during the first year of his or hers life. In the introduction, the neonatal stage and the postnatal adaptation of a newborn are defined, followed by an examination of the gradual development during the first month after birth. The scoring of the newborn according to Apgar, which takes place in the first minutes after birth, is described in relation to postnatal adaptation. Subsequently, the infant stage is characterized and the psychomotor development of the infant is described with emphasis on the development in each month of the first year of his or hers life. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis then includes the nutrition of a newborn and an infant with emphasis on breastfeeding as a natural way of nutrition. The practical part of the diploma thesis examines the preparation, implementation and evaluation of the teaching programme. The proposed programme includes a range of activities and teaching materials. Furthermore, it includes an analysis of the Framework Curriculum for...
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Analysis of the Core Learning Content of the Human Biology Topic in the Lower-secondary Textbooks
Dvořáková, Barbora ; Vojíř, Karel (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
This master's thesis focused on the analysis of core curriculum content in the field of human biology as presented in textbooks designed for the 8th grade of primary schools and corresponding years of multi-year gymnasia. Its main objective was to conduct empirical analysis of the content of textbooks from various Czech publishers to identify the core curriculum or its key concepts presented in these textbooks. A microanalysis of textbook content and an analysis of core concepts presented by textbooks from individual Czech publishers were conducted. The analysis of the core curriculum was conducted based on the identification of important technical terms in the textbook text, removal of duplicates within individual textbook texts, further unification of terms based on their summarizing concepts, and finally, the identification of technical terms that appeared in more than half of the presented textbooks. The results indicated that out of the total number of key terms contained in current Czech textbooks on natural science, only 426 terms, representing less than 17 %, were identified as core curriculum content. KEYWORDS: textbooks, biology, human biology, key terms, core curriculum, analysis
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The History of Yersinia Pestis in Europe from the Perspective of Ancient DNA
Nováková, Veronika ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Vojíř, Karel (referee)
je gramnegativní bakterie, která byla na konci devatenáctého století odhalena jako původce moru. je blízce příbuzná , od níž se liší přítomností určitých virulentních faktorů. Právě virulentní faktory umožňují efektivní přežití hmyzích vektoru, kterým je blecha. Blecha poté zajišťuje úspěšný přenos bakterie na obratlovce, což je nejčastěji hlodavec, případně člověk. Bakterie je geneticky vybavena tak, aby unikla imunitnímu systému. Během lidské historie proběhly tři morové pandemie, Justiniánský mor, Černá smrt a moderní pandemie, u všech z nich byla pomocí aDNA z kosterních pozůstatků potvrzena přítomnost . Mor způ době bronzové. Sekvenace aDNA a zdokonalování molekulárních metod při studiu historických pandemií se jeví jako vhodná strategie pro pochopení možných budoucích pandemií. Pomocí aDNA lze zjistit nejen fylogenezi patogenů, ale je možné i sledovat změny genofondu populace napříč historií a jak v migracemi, tak i možnými změnami způsobenými samotným KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA mor, bakterie, migrace, populace, mikrobiologie, starodávná DNA
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Influence of Health Regimen on Immune System
Kotrč, Jan ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Janoušková, Svatava (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the influence of lifestyle on the immune system and project-based teaching of the immune system in elementary school biology. The theoretical part is devoted to embedding elementary school biology and topics covering the curriculum of the immune system in curricular documents and literary research of the immune system and related topics with regard to life management and the definition of project teaching. The aim of the practical part was to design, implement and evaluate the project teaching of the immune system, intended for the 8th year of primary school. The teaching evaluation was carried out in two parallel classes of the 8th grade at a selected primary school with a sample of 41 pupils. The goal of the evaluation was to verify the knowledge about the immune system and to find out the subjective evaluation of the implemented teaching for pupils of two eighth grades at a selected elementary school with an interval of two weeks. The data was collected using a pretest and posttest and a questionnaire to determine the subjective evaluation of the project day by the pupils. The goal of the implemented project was to acquire knowledge of the immune system and connect it with the already acquired knowledge of practical principles of life management and the development...
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Teaching Genetics with a Focus on Human Phenotypic Traits
Heidelberg, Jiří ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Vančata, Václav (referee)
This thesis focuses on the inheritance of human phenotypic traits within the framework of genetics teaching at Czech grammar schools. Outlines information important to understanding the inheritance of human phenotypic traits. All fundamentals of genetics will be covered, including examples from human genetics and examples from nature. At the same time, he is engaged in a research investigation at selected Czech grammar schools, where we will try to find out the degree of knowledge of genetics that the pupils have. Attention is also paid to the influence of the classroom climate on pupils' knowledge, which is an important aspect in acquiring knowledge. The influence of the teacher's personality on the climate in the classroom is related to this. the results of the research survey from the data collected using the online questionnaire show the level of knowledge of the respondents and any gaps that need to be worked on. KEYWORDS Inheritace, phenotype, human genetics, education, pedagogy
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