Prediktory a koreláty altruismu u lidí z evolučního hlediska

Nekola Nováková, Julie

Predictors and correlates of altruism in humans from the evolutionary viewpoint Julie Nekola Nováková ABSTRACT Altruism has long presented an evolutionary enigma, as this behavior - where an individual helps another at its own cost - appeared disadvantageous from the viewpoint of natural selection. The question stood: how could individuals (or their alleles) still maximize their fitness through altruism, so that this behavior could persist in a population in the long term? Multiple hypotheses have aimed to explain the evolution of altruism, the most widely considered being kin selection, reciprocity, sexual selection and interdemic/multilevel selection. Each of the hypotheses gives different predictions as to what should influence the occurrence and extent of altruistic behavior in a given population and specific individuals. However, while extensive literature exists on these theories, few works have attempted to directly compare them through testing. The aim of this thesis is to fill the gap, and through several studies conducted by myself and my colleagues, to test different predictions yielded by the theories of reciprocal altruism, costly signaling in the sexual selection context, and host manipulation hypothesis. The studies were conducted as laboratory experiments as well as larger-scale online...

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