Duplikace genomu v rodu Stellaria - čím více, tím lépe? Vztah mezi ploidní úrovní a sexuálními polymorfismy

Krtilová, Eliška

Polyploidization in angiosperms, a well-documented phenomenon, often correlates with a diversity of reproductive strategies, including sexual polymorphism, impacting their evolution and expression. This relationship is particularly intriguing in high polyploids, where the interaction can be complex yet largely enigmatic. We investigated the connection between high polyploidy and sexual polymorphism in Stellaria palustris (Caryophylaceae), a species complex with exceptionally high levels of polyploidy exceeding decaploids and reportedly exhibiting variable sexual expression. To broaden our analysis, we included its relatives, diploid-tetraploid S. graminea and diploid S. longifolia. Our study focused on Central and Northern Europe, utilizing various methodological approaches, including genome size estimation, chromosome counting, genetic analyses based on Sanger sequencing, and evaluating floral organ variability and sexual expression. Major hypotheses examined associations between ploidy level and latitude, as well as ploidy level and sexual polymorphisms. Chromosome counts of S. palustris ranged from 2x = 154 - 208, corresponding to 2n=12x, 14x, and 16x, while for S. graminea and S. longifolia, we confirmed their originally known ploidies. Although chromosome counts did not unambiguously reflect...

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