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Present and Future Energy Sources in the World
Procházková, Lenka ; Vošta, Milan (advisor) ; Kašpar, Václav (referee)
Předkládaná bakalářská práce se zabývá problematikou energetických zdrojů v zahraničí, ale i České republice. První kapitola je věnována obecnému vymezení energetického průmyslu a energetické závislosti světových makroregionů. V následujících kapitolách jsou analyzovány celosvětové zásoby, produkce a spotřeba ropných, uhelných a plynných zdrojů energie. Pátá kapitola je zaměřena na problematiku jaderné energie a obnovitelných energetických zdrojů, jako je vodní, větrná, geotermální, sluneční energie a biomasa.
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A Comparison of Two Models of the Energy Market Development in Czech Republic from 2015 to 2040
Dvořáková, Jitka ; Zeman, Martin (advisor) ; Lukášová, Tereza (referee)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the prediction of the energy market in the Czech Republic between 2015 and 2040 and on the comparison of potential costs related to two models of energy portfolio management. The first model was created according to the National Energy Concept from 2014, while the other one was designed artificially to simulate usage of the renewable resources in 50% of the electric energy production. The theoretical part of the thesis discusses the recent situation of the Czech energy market, defines types of energy resources and explains terms related to the discussed topic. In the practical part, direct production costs of different kinds of power plants were computed and used to estimate economic demands of the two considered models. The efficiency of both models was compared and evaluated. The aim of the thesis was to decide, which of the two models would be more favourable for the Czech national economy. Key words: energy, energy market, direct costs, economic advantage JEL classification: Q40, Q41, Q43, Q47
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Study of the synthesis and structure of ceramic perovskite materials for energy applications
Strejček, Josef ; Bartoníčková, Eva (referee) ; Cihlář, Jaroslav (advisor)
Method, so called “glycin- nitrate process”, combined with high temperature solid state reaction, of preparation multi- component ceramic perovskite materials was studied. Two types of perovskite systems were prepared by this method. Firs one, based on LaNiO3 doped by calcium and aluminium and second one, based on SmFeO3 doped by calcium and nickel or cobalt. This method made possible preparation of one phase perovskite or perovskites with few percent of nickel in form of oxide. In systems containing both nickel and calcium another phases rich in calcium and nickel appeared.
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Comparison of Energy Circles from point of view Efficiency
Houdek, Milan ; Škvařil, Jan (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
This diploma thesis investigates the combined production of power and heat from biomass. The main aim is to compare suggested energy circles in the light of their electric, general and economic efficiency. Introduction describes the basic terms and principles of energy utilization of biomass, combustion and gasification technology are described thoroughly. The main part contains suggestions and thermal calculations of energy circles. The thermal cycle with gasification chamber, combustion chamber and hot air turbine is proposed, than thermal cycle with gasification generator and cogeneration unit and finally Rankine-Clausius circle. In conclusion calculated results are recapitulated and the usability of proposed thermal cycles is assessed.
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Ab initio studie Lavesových fází v systémech Fe-Cr, Fe-Mo a Fe-Ta
Houserová, Jana ; Šob, Mojmír
Binary systems Fe-Cr, Fe-Mo and Fe-Ta can be found in many kinds of steels where the Laves-phase can be considered as a potential candidate for strengthening provided size and distribution of the particles are within certain limits. We performed electronic structure calculations to study the thermodynamic and structural properties of the C14 Laves phase with various compositions. In the frame of the thermodynamic study, we have evaluated the total energies of formation of Laves phase structure with different occupations of sublattices (Fe2Fe, Fe2X, X2Fe, X2X, where X stands for Cr, Mo and Ta) with respect to the Standard Element Reference (SER) states. These energies of formation are of great importance for prediction of stability of studied configurations.
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Total daily energy expenditure of women in different trimesters of pregnancy
Malíková, Petra ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Background: Total daily energy expenditure of Czech women in particular trimesters of pregnancy is a lowly explored part of energy metabolism. Objective: The purpose of our study was to estimate total daily energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate in particular trimesters of pregnant women in the Czech Republic and to compare our values with these presented in foreign literature. Design: The study was based on 409 assessments. The base was created by questionnaires where women described all of their activities of a certain day. Women also gave details of an exact time of duration for each activity. For matematical assessmetns there were used a specially designed program Energy expenditure 2 and a statistic program GraphPad Prism 4. As the value of basal metabolic rate were considerated values obtained according to Harrise-Benedict equation and consequently modified by multiplication factors (1,035 for the first trimester, 1,062 for the second trimester and 1,177 for the third trimester). These factors were obtained from clinical assessment of basal metabolic rate in Teaching hospital in Hradec Králové. The same factors were used for estimating of total daily energy expenditure. In our study there are described also other energy characteristics - activity energy expenditure, psysical activity...
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The study of photodynamic phenomenon on melanom cell lines
KOLÁČKOVÁ, Zdeňka
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical method combining the use of photodynamic active substance and light in presence of oxygen. It extends the treatment possibilities of tumor and non-tumor disorders. It complements surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. An increased accumulation of photosensitive substance in pathological focus is the base of PDT. Subsequent irradiation by light of suitable wavelenght evokes photodynamic reactions leading to formation of reactive oxygen species and to biological answer leading to tumor cells damage. The final effect depends on sensitizer type, its concentration in target tissue and on used source of radiation. Aim of the thesis is to prove photodynamic properties of newly developed photodynamic active substance phtalocyanin CIAIPcS2 and possibilities of its usage to induce photodynamic phenomenon in melanom cells. Owing to absorption of light in sensitizer the formation of excited states happens, and then the excited form of sensitizer reacts directly with substrate. During this reaction free radicals of substrate form or transfer of energy from sentitizer to oxygen and formation of highly reactive singlet oxygen happen. Free radicals, especially radicals of lipid components of cell membranes, are the major cause of tumor destruction. Fruitfulness of PDT depends not only on type of sensitizer and level of oxygen in tumor cell but also on used light source. Luminiscence diodes (LEDs) were used as the source of light. Formation of ROS after PDT was detected with the help of fluorescent molecular probe CM-H2DCFDA on spectrofluorimeter Synergy HT and on fluorescent microscope Olympus IX 81 with image analysis. According to our results the production of ROS depends on concentration of sensitizer CIAIPcS2 and the radiation dose. We proved that the sensitizer CIAIPcS2 is suitable photodynamic active substance and evokes photodynamic phenomenon in tumor cells.
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Biomass energy power plant
Caha, Tomáš ; Ing.Ladislav Pivečka (referee) ; Fiedler, Jan (advisor)
The scope of this diploma thesis is feasibility study of enlargement the current energy source by new technological equipment designed for heat and electric energy production. Technological equipment is designed regarding to capital costs and minimum enviromental effects. In the thesis is described most important aspects for successful design new biomass energy source. The result can be used for investor´s decision making about determination toward investment.
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EU energy policy towards a region of the Caspian Sea
Aulická, Michala ; Bič, Josef (advisor) ; Buryan, Šimon (referee)
The main factor of prosperity of energy resources is to find reliable access. The always increasing demand for energy resources and population increase make big uncertainty in energy and economic security. Europe Union does not have much of their own energy resources and therefore is forced to import these. At the moment Russia is the main key partner in providing oil and gas, with this dependency on Russia we can see security risks leading to energy instability. Europe Union is actively trying to eliminate this dependency and trying to diverse and find new suppliers and new transit routes. The region around Caspian Sea might be alternative for securing supplies of oil and gas. The fundamental part of this bachelor thesis is to analyse economic utility and energy potential in Caspian Sea region and also is going to evaluate the activity of EU towards this region with purpose to establish new transit routes and by doing this to eliminate EU dependency on Russia and its associated risks.
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