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Inorganic analysis of microwave pyrolysis products from sewage sludge
Šintajová, Kristína ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of risk elements found in the sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants and the issue of contamination caused by sludge deposition in soils. Extractions of sewage sludge samples before and after pyrolysis treatment were implemented according to the sequential extraction of BCR and also using aqueous leaching. The determination of the selected element was performed on an atomic absorption spectrometer. A literature research on the use of modified sewage sludge after pyrolysis to increase fertility, improve soil properties and improve their quality was also processed.
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Energetic use of wastewater sludge and microwave pyrolysis products
Šimek, Radim ; Ševčík, Jan (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the energy utilization of sewage sludge before and after microwave pyrolysis process. The first part of the thesis deals with sludge management, treatment of sludge and its subsequent use or disposal. In the second part of the thesis prepared and modified samples of sludge from WWTP 1 and WWTP 2 are subjected to microwave pyrolysis process. Subsequently, samples are taken for analyzes to determine the total organic carbon, the specific surface area, the heavy metal content and the calorific values. The resulting data was processed in Microsoft Office Excel and presented at work. At the end of the thesis two case studies are then proposed for a specific design of the conceptual location of microwave pyrolysis for the sludge drying process and the drying process of the sewage sludge in the direct combustion boiler room.
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Mineral wool and binding agent interaction and behavior study
Fiala, Michal ; Šoukal, František (referee) ; Ptáček, Petr (advisor)
Diploma's thesis describes resolution of cause technological problems in mineral wool manufacturig in company Saint-Gobain Orsil. Main attention is paid to thermal and volatile process in mineral wool from filtration chamber and common commercial sales. Samples of mineral wool were characterizated by thermal analysis (simultaneous TG-DTA), effluent gas analysis (EGA), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal analysis experiments was used to check thermal volatile processes. Technological problem of burning is linked with rise of isocyanic acid.
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Experimental reactors for combustion of biomass and municipal solid waste
Bialožyt, Michal ; Juřena, Tomáš (referee) ; Recman, Milan (advisor)
The main purpose of this thesis is background research about experimental reactors for combustion process research. Mainly semted on reactors with fixed bed for alternative fuels, such as biomass and municipal solid waste. Mathematical modeling of the combustion process with modern software products and its optimalization is not possible without input data gathering from these facilities. Thesis should serve as a source of information for building a new experimental reactor.
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Synthetic fuels
Pitoňák, Adam ; Kučera, Pavel (referee) ; Píštěk, Václav (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis on the topic “Synthetic fuels” aims to introduce the reader to the issue of synthetic fuels and the possibilities of their application for internal combustion engines as alternatives to the conventional fuels derived from fossil sources. The first part of the work is focused on the introduction and division of synthetic fuels according to primary raw material. Subsequently, the properties of the fuels are compared with commonly used fossil fuels. The thesis also deals with the comparison of the equivalents of the emissions of individual synthetic fuels per unit of thermal energy supplied to the engine. Thanks to the model presented in the thesis, it is possible to compare the amount of CO2 equivalent per driven kilometre. The conclusion of this work summarizes the result of the comparison of synthetic fuels with prospects of such fuel in the future.
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Utilization of biodegradable waste
Švec, Jan ; Pěček, Jan (referee) ; Beňo, Zdeněk (advisor)
The aim of this paper is to summarize the current situation of the problem using biodegradable waste. The introductory chapters deal with descriptions of different types of biodegradable waste. The main part describes ways of handling this waste. For various types of waste are listed by their most appropriate treatment and further use. Emphasis is placed on legislation dealing with that waste legislation on the processing equipment.
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Recyclation of Plastics
Lasota, Ondřej ; Němec, Karel (referee) ; Molliková, Eva (advisor)
Plastic materials thanks to their properties like strength, durability, versatility and relatively low cost has gained this much popularity. With their constantly increasing amounts contribute to the waste. Most frequent method of waste disposal is landfill, which is due to plastic’s durability undesirable and causes serious problem for the environment. This bachelor thesis focuses on the use of secondary raw materials obtained from polymer waste. Large amounts of generated polymer waste can be appropriately designed methods processed to produce fuel, to modify asphalt mix and to reinforce concrete. Different methods are analyzed and their advantages and disadvantages are shown.
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Torrefaction Influence on Biomass Structure
Kojecký, Dalibor ; Sitek, Tomáš (referee) ; Elbl, Patrik (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is focused on the properties of fuels arising from torrefaction. The opening chapter is dedicated to general research into biomass. This chapter is made for familiarisation with biomass and types of its thermal treatment. The following chapters are dedicated to the torrefaction process. Specifically, a description of this technology and its influence on biomass. The last chapter documents how the individual parameters affect the torrefaction process.
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Production and characterization of biochar derived from different kind of bran
Černíková, Eliška ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Pořízka, Jaromír (advisor)
The bachelor thesis was focused on production and characterization of biochar prepared from different sorts of bran. According to the philosophy of circular economy bran, the biproduct of flour production, was chosen for the production of biochar. This lignocellulosic material was walked through pyrolysis to broaden potential application. Biochar was prepared by slow pyrolysis and considering its properties multiple applications are possible. Biochar’s usage is limited by European Biochar Certificate. The theoretical part contains general description of biochar properties, requests of European Biochar Certificate and possible analytical methods. In the practical part process of biochar preparation and biochar characterization per chosen methods are described. Analysed properties were: specific surface, pH, particle size distribution, electrical conductivity, composition of elements and content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Based on measured data possible applications were recommended. Only biochar from rye bran fulfilled the strict criteria of European Biochar Certificate. However all of the prepared materials can be used in agriculture, except from rice bran biochar which according to EBC can only be used in material industry.
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Energy use of biomass
Šenovský, Petr ; Moskalík, Jiří (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is aimed at the theme of energetic usage of biomass. First part describes characteristics and possibilities of obtaining biomass and its deriving. In the second part particular technologies of biomass conversion and getting energy from biomass are described. The basic advantages and disadvantages of each technologies are mentioned as well.
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