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Determination of toxic elements in wines
Hajdučková, Iva ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of selected toxic elements in wine. The theoretical part described technology of wine production and selected toxic elements (cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, nickel and chromium) in the terms of their impact on wine quality and their effects on the human organism. It provides an overview of instrumental analytical methods, which can be used for the analysis of toxic metals. In the experimental part inductively coupled mass spektrometry technique was used for the analysis of wine samples. The measured values are statistically processed and compared with current legislation.
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Selected inorganic pollutants in foodstuffs
Kroupová, Kateřina ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vitoulová, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focus on occurrence of inorganic pollutants in foodstuffs. The introduction is dedicated to apperance of individual selected elements in foodstuffs. Concentration of these elements is very important factor for examination of toxic effects for the human organism. If we want to avoid the harmful effects to the human organism, we have to define border limits. Work is based on the legislative of Czech republic. Second part of this study is focused on the biological monitoring. The biological monitoring is important for precautionary measures. In the third part of this study are described toxical effects of these elements to the human organism. Before qualitative and quantitative analysis by instrumental techniques is important to properly take the sample. In the fourth and fifth part of this work are mentioned methods used for determination of these elements and metods of taking samples. This bachelor thesis provide complex view on the problems of pollutants in foodstuffs and it should be used as a base for following diploma thesis.
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The influence of evapotranspiration on the groundwater of floodplain forests: Libický luh
Vašková, Hana ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Slavík, Martin (referee)
The recherche part of this bachelor thesis deals with evapotranspiration from floodplain forests and its influence on the depth of the groundwater level and mineralization of groundwater. As floodplain forests in the Czech Republic are represented only in smaller fragments, there is a mention of the effect of mineralization on plants. The thesis describes the principle and use of stable isotopes in hydrogeology and the comprehensive characteristics of the area of interest of the experimental part, the Libický luh National Nature Reserve. The experimental part includes the observation of the level, conductivity, temperature, pH, and determination of the isotopic composition of the underground and surface water in Libický luh, where high mineralization of the groundwater was previously detected. The thesis discusses the effect of evapotranspiration on the content of dissolved substances in the water in Libický luh as a possible cause of this phenomenon. It was found that as the temperature rises, the groundwater level drops, and that mineralization remains relatively constant throughout the year. The drop in the groundwater level is evidently caused by intensive evapotranspiration from the floodplain forest during the growing season. However, longer time series of conductivity or hydrochemical...
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Utilization of forensic dentistry in indentification of individuals
Fialková, Martina ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Stránská, Petra (referee)
Forensic identification and age estimation has a significant role in cases when the unknown deceased body is found, after mass disasters when it is necessary to distinguish victims, but also in guestion of imigrants. And just these areas are very important part of forensic odontology, because dental development like a complex proces takes place from early foetal life to approximately 20 years of age is less affected by endocrine diseases or nutritional variations than other tissues. Dental age estimate is fundamental mainly in cases of children and young people, which teeth are still growing and they are in different developmental stages. On basis of these stages is possible to obtain very accurate results.
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Application of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Determination of Selected Elements from Potential Ecological Burden Area
Juránková, Lada ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Šíma, Jan (referee)
This work is focused on the determination of selected (chemical) elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, Na, K, Mg a Ca) in a potential ecological burden area using flame atomic absorption spectrometry as a detection technique. A potential ecological burden is represented by tires which are used as a construction material or as an environment surrounding for growing decorative and consumable plants. Analytes were determined in plant origin samples. Firstly, the samples were dried in a laboratory electric dryer. The weighted amount of a dried sample (approximately 0.2 g) was digested inside a microwave decomposition device with an addition of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. An optimization of experimental parameters was done for each of the elements before sample measuring. A burner height was optimized and 8 mm height was chosen as a optimum for most elements. Under the optimum condition basic characteristics were measured for each element separately. These characteristics included limits of detection that were: 0.05; 0.01; 0.08; 0.21; 0.02; 0.01; 0.01; 0.01 mg L-1 for the following elements: Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, K, Ca, Mg and Na, respectively. The limits of quantification, sensitivity and repeatability were determined for each element as well. A significant attention was paid to the content of zinc in the studied...
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Soil Respiration of the Spruce Forest during Four Years after the Application of the Different Dolomitic Limestone Dosage
Rosíková, J. ; Dařenová, Eva ; Kučera, A.
The study focuses on an in situ response of soil respiration at 10 °C (R10) of the Norway spruce monoculture to the application of the different dolomitic limestone dosages (0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9 a 26 t.ha-1) over a period of four years. Soil respiration was measured within the growing seasons 2016 – 2019. Moreover, the pH was determined in the H and Ah horizons during each season. The effect of liming on soil respiration was statistically significant during all the seasons except for 2017. The greatest effect was observed within the first season after liming. In May 2016, R10 in the limed plots increased as much as by 97% compared to the non-limed ones. However, soil respiration did not increase in the direct proportion to the liming intensity. We found out the correlation between soil respiration and the micrometeorological parameters (temperature and moisture) when both low temperature moisture limited soil respiration. Due to the strong soil buffering capacity, the small effect of liming on the soil acidity was observed in the first study season. In the following seasons, the differences in the pH among the plots with the different liming intensity started to increase, which was, however, observed only in the H horizon. The substantial increase in the soil microbial activity accompanied with faster respiration after liming can lead to the increased threat of rapid mineralization and the loss of soil organic matter with all its negative impacts
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The Effect of P Enrichment on Exudate Quantity and Bioavailability - a Comparison of Two Macrophyte Species
KUBEŠOVÁ, Jaroslava
A study on rhizodeposition rates and rhizodeposits bioavailability (microbial respiration, N mineralization and phosphatase activity) of two macrophyte species with different life strategies (stress-tolerator and competitor) was conducted. Research was carried out in tropical marshes of Belize; results from the field were supported by 13C partitioning mesocosm study. The stresstolerant Eleocharis spp. released more C from roots than Typha domingensis and this C was more biodegradable. The two species responded to P enrichment differently. While Eleocharisspp. invested more assimilated C to the belowground (roots, rhizomes and rhizodepositions) after P fertilization, in T. domingensis the belowground C investment decreased. The effect of plant species was larger than the effect of P enrichment. Eleocharis spp., adapted to growth under low nutrients, invests more carbon into exudation a promotion of its microbial communities in the rhizosphere while competitive T. domingensis spends more fixed C on its own growth and metabolism.
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Mineral waters in the Bad Brambach - Skalná area, the current knowledges.
Turnová, Štěpánka ; Goliáš, Viktor (advisor) ; Hrkal, Zbyněk (referee)
This paper summarizes the findings of the mineral waters around Skalná - Bad Brambach. Bad Brambach are radon spa that work here since 1912. Source Wettinquelle is one of the strongest radon springs in the world. Around Skalná is anomalous quantities of uranium, however, that there occurs in such small particles that netěžitelné. Radon is a decay product of U238 series. Within the study area is also NPR Soos, who is known moffetes, but there also are so-called diatomaceous peak which is a dry salt lake containing diatoms. Area of the Nový Kostel is the area with the most frequent occurrence of earthquakes in the Czech Republic. Several earthquake swarms were recorded as well as the local populations. Recent earthquake activity has been recorded in 2011. There are also several other spa municipal Františkovy lázně, Mariánske lázně, Karlovy Vary and other radon baths, which already are but a little further, Jáchymov.
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