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Concept of bilopolitics in the writings of M. Foucault with a specific focus on security in Czech republic from 1990 Drugs in Czech society
Štěpánková, Pavla ; Marcelli, Miroslav (advisor) ; Švantner, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis called "Koncept biopolitiky v díle Michela Foucaulta s konkrétním zaměřením na bezpečnost v rámci oblasti ČR od roku 1990" is devoted to the theme of biopolitics in the writings of Michel Foucault. At first the thesis focuses on previous writings of Michel Foucault, which inspired his concept of biopolitics. It's all about the archeology of knowledge, discipline and sexuality dispozitiv. Biopolitics is a government practice that focuses on the population as a mass. The population by biopolitics is influenced by factors such as the environment, health issues, mortality etc. According to Foucault, biopolitics is originated in the political direction called liberalism. Foucault's ideas and theses are mainly related to the 19th century, but the theme of biopolitics is also relevant for our time. Therefore the diploma thesis focuses on the drugs problem in the Czech Republic on the basis of Foucault's biopolitics. The thesis acquaints us with the evolution of the drug scene in the Czech Republic after 1990, when there was a new political constitution. It acquaints us with the drug policy that works in the Czech Republic and with legislation that resolves the criminal page of drug problems. The thesis also deals with ways of helping drug addicts. Keywords biopolitics, discourse,...
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Differences in the resolution of sea territories conflicts in areas with energy resources
Bančanský, Andrej ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
Energy security is an important phenomenon of the contemporary world. A significant number of oil and gas reserves are located on the seabed. Expansion of oil and gas drilling to deeper and from shore more remote locations can again raise the question of ownership of these deposits. On one hand, there are regions of the world where these disputes over borders of maritime territories escalate into a series of clashes and incidents. On the other hand, there are other areas where states can settle their disputes and cooperate on drilling. The goal of this study is to determine which factors lead to the fact that particularly in the South China Sea disagreement about the boundaries of maritime territories results in the escalation of disputes in comparison with the regions of the North Sea and the Caribbean Sea, where disputes are solved or minimized. These factors are represented by six variables, which are based on three theories: a realist, idealist and constructivist theory of international relations. The first part of this study describes the historical development of current international maritime law with regard to the territorial division of the world's oceans. It is followed by a description of three case areas. The second part deals with the theoretical foundations of the examined factors. In...
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The Analogy and the Difference of Rawls' and Habermas' Theory of Democracy
Novák, Marek ; Šimsa, Martin (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the description of two current normative models of democracy which were created by John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas. The aim of this thesis is to describe the most important ideas of these authors presented in their major works, compare them with each other and then highlight some similarities and differences. I will focus on their vision for western democratic societies and international dimension of their theories. I will focus on methodology as well. The question I would like to answer is: to which extend could be these theories of democracy considered as the theories of liberal democracy? First I will deal with John Rawls's approach. In A Theory of Justice he introduced interesting idea of the social contract restoration and the establishment of two principles of justice in the original position. This work can be read as defence of human rights. Next I will focus on Political Liberalism. In Political liberalism Rawls is interested in securing human and civic rights for members of modern pluralist democracies. He is introducing here the idea of an overlapping consensus. This idea should maintain the stability of a system. The Law of Peoples is the attempt to bring his theory to international level. Next I will move to Jürgen Habermas. I will mention his early works -...
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Masaryk's concept of democracy
Kuchař, Roman ; Šimsa, Martin (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on normative concept of democracy which we encounter in the thoughts of Tomas Garrigue Masaryk, significant figure of the Czech history in the areas of social (political) life and science. The objective of the thesis is to capture as accurately as possible Masaryk's idea of democracy as a certain synthesis of moral and political opinion (conviction) of the author. This concept is further illustrated through his critical interpretation by personalities following up the tradition of Czech philosophical humanism and by insertion in the context of chosen theories of democracy. The implementation of the said objective will lead to clarifying values, offering answer to ever existing question concerning crisis of modern people. Although Masaryk's solution is highly normative and outdated in many aspects presently, it is one of the few really elaborated proposals presented in the question concerning crisis of modern people. This thesis puts forth the opinion that Masaryk's concept of democracy is still inspirational, although it requires updating based on historical experience of the last century.
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International Monetary Fund: Trends in the Scope of Activity in 1989-2014
Szabo, Jakub ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Kučerová, Irah (referee)
The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate possible ideological changes inside the IMF in the time period from 1989 to 2014. This goal is achieved by examining annual reports published by the IMF, with attention on the most important tools of the IMF. Issues discussed through the IMF's surveillance and conditionality are the main indicator of possible reforms and changes. Based on the existent literature and example of the reform of the World Bank four hypotheses are formulated. Those hypotheses are dedicated to monitoring changes in perceived importance of welfare state, small government, good governance and fiscal policy. Firstly, current literature is presented with definition of the main concepts used in this thesis. Secondly, important tools of the IMF are described. Thirdly, collected data is described and this thesis concludes with data evaluation. With application of the methods of descriptive statistics and content analysis this thesis concludes with statement, that important shift from emphasis on weak state to strong state occurred and good governance became important theme of IMF's interest. However importance of the theme fiscal policy persisted.
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Ideological Background of the American Revolution
Cuník, Maroš ; Franěk, Jakub (advisor) ; Kotábová, Věra (referee)
Bachelor thesis with its subject of Ideological background of American Revolution deals with ideological influences, which affected American society during the formation of a new nation. It shows the character of American revolution and early republic, and weight of republican and liberal traditions in this period of time. It specifically studies the impact of John Locke's liberalism on declaration of independence and character of American society. It also deals with republican values, which were transformed into the constitutions of the states, as well as the Federal Constitution itself. Both liberal and republican influences were present during the revolution, and both formed the character of new American republic, which is shown by analysis. The impact of John Locke's thought is depicted not only in literal and factual form of the Declaration, but also in the reality of the American society. It is concluded, that the formation of the United States was until that time a unique event, and the created system was quite new. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Comparison of energy security of the Czech and Slovak republic
Haringová, Ingrida ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Binhack, Petr (referee)
The main objective of this thesis is to compare energy security of the Czech and Slovak republic. The comparison is done through the energy mix and the diversification of energy commodities' sources (coil, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy/fuel and renewable sources). The sustainable development and commitments to the European Union are taken into account. The author uses the state documents, The Update of State Energy Concept of CR and The Proposal of Energy Policy of SR, and from foreign and domestic statistical documents. Review of energy sources is done through its part in the energy mix, data about sources in the energy mix, data about sources' homeland occurrence, but also import and about the shorterm trends in their usage. In the theoretical part of the work, the author studies the concept of energy security in two theoretical concepts, liberalism and realism and then studies its polysemic nature.
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East African Community and Theories of Regional Integration
Krajník, Jan ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
This paper presents a case study of a regional integration called East African Community (EAC) that associates Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda later joined Rwanda and Burundi. The main research question is the reason for creation of the EAC. Congruence method is used to answer this question with further investigation to confirm existence of the causal relationship. There are three theories used to formulate a hypothesis concerning formation of the EAC - neofunctionalism, realism and liberal theory of international relation in the form reformulated by Andrew Moravcsik. Neofunctionalism cannot explain emergence of the EAC as strong supranational actor, key neofunctionalists feature, is not present. Spillover process also does not occur. Realism also fails to provide an explanation, although the end of the Cold War brings shift in global power structure. East Africa is also endangered by economic marginalization caused by integration of other parts of the continent. However intrastate and regional political instability and security threats were more important at that time. The EAC also does not correspond with the notion of only low politics integration. Liberalism offers most reasonable explanation that integration is based on common interest in development and fight against poverty. Common historical...
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The relation between the individual and the society in Rawls' work
Vlčanová, Kateřina ; Šimsa, Martin (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of the present thesis is to answer the following question: How does the relationship between the individual and society change in Rawls' work? Does the link between the individual and society strengthen, weaken or change in another way? The author discusses other questions, too, namely the specifics of Rawls' theory and his liberalism as well as the criticism of Rawls. The author focuses on two crucial texts - The Theory of Justice, Rawls' debut book, and Political Liberalism. In order to answer these questions, the author first analyses The Theory of Justice and the relationship between the invidual and society in this work, and then places this relationship within the context of a philosophical debate, which stems from the criticism of the work. It is liberals and communitarians who engage in this debate. The author also mentions Robert Nozick, a representative of libertarians, and his critique. Liberals (Rawls) hold the view that one's identity is more significant than society, and thus advocate the individualistic image of the universal man who has appropriate rigths. Communitarians, on the other hand (MacIntyre, Sandel, Taylor, Walzer), advocate the image of a person whose identity is apriori derived from the society that the person belongs to. Hence, communitarians strive for the good...
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Three Liberal Theories of Justice
Macháček, Jiří ; Šimsa, Martin (advisor) ; Váňa, Tomáš (referee)
The mail goal of this thesis is to introduce the modern theory of liberal justice with a focus on distributive justice. In addition, the author addresses the issue of value neutrality in the liberal state and the concept of equality in liberal theory. The author presents the concept of "justice as fairness" described by liberal political philosopher John Rawls. Afterwards his concept is subjected to criticism of other contemporary liberal philosophers Robert Nozick and Ronald Dworkin. The author briefly looks into coherence between mentioned philosophers and earlier representatives of liberal theory, as well as their non-liberal critics. The first chapter contains a list of thinkers and their contributions to the issue of justice and the social contract theory. The following three chapters concerns the interpretation of the concepts of three mentioned authors using critical analysis of their publications. In the fifth chapter are described concepts of thinkers who critically respond to Rawl's theory of justice generally reffered to as communitarians, including the conception of Jürgen Habermas. In the sixth chapter the author summarizes the main theoretical background and arguments of discussed liberal philosophers. Finally the thesis is concluded by their comparison and summary of key facts and...
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