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Nutritional interventions for patients with brain injuries and movement limitations
Kadečková, Klára ; Sládková, Petra (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
Patients with acquired brain damage, who are attending rehabilitation day-care center on the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of the General Hospital and the First Medical Faculty of Charles University in Prague, are often limited by fatigue and lack of energy. Patients are attending day hospital mainly with brain damage acquired after stroke and less often also after brain trauma. Secondary prevention of atherosclerosis development or progression and prevention of stroke relapse is very important with these patients. Nutritional intervention plays significant role in prevention and treatment of many risk factors of an atherosclerotic artery damage. Common consequence of brain damage is development of secondary sarcopenia. Patient in day hospital must bring their own food. Individualized program as a result from examination by the multidisciplinary team doesn't include nutritional assessment. Study with patients with acquired brain damage was carried out on Department of Rehabilitation. Study used bioelectrical impedance analysis provided by InBody 370 S. Body composition of patients was measured. This data and anthropometric measurements were evaluated for presence of metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Muscle mass percentage was evaluated as well. Study found out that most...
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The effect of weight manipulation on physical performance in combat sports
Nesvadba, Vojtěch ; Třebický, Vít (advisor) ; Omcirk, Dan (referee)
Author: Bc. Vojtěch Nesvadba Title: The Effect of Weight Manipulation on Physical Performance in Combat Sports Objectives: To assess the effect of rapid weight loss and rapid weight gain on strength and to assess the effect of rapid weight loss on health biomarkers. Methods: A total of 19 full-contact combat sports athletes participated in this study and underwent a 7-day period of intentional rapid weight loss, resulting in 5% loss of their initial body weight. Subsequently, within two hours, they regained 2.6% of their body weight. To assess the effect of this rapid weight manipulation, we employed a comprehensive battery of isometric, dynamic, and anaerobic tests to measure the strength-related abilities and body composition (before rapid weight loss, after rapid weight loss and after rapid weight gain). Furthermore, we monitored the hydration status throughout the study using diagnostic strips. The participants also completed a series of purpose-specific questionnaires. Results: In the condition after rapid weight reduction, we observed statistically significant decrease in the maximal isometric strength of the left knee flexors, maximal explosive strength of the upper and lower extremities, and a statistically significant decline in the hydration status of the participants. In the condition...
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Energy needs and body composition in individuals with transverse spinal cord injury
Pavlíčková, Jana ; Sadílková, Aneta (advisor) ; Staňová, Alžběta (referee)
Introduction Spinal cord injury is associated with negative changes in body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism. This fact is responsible for a higher risk of metabolic complications in patients with a transverse spinal cord lesion (TML). Individuals tend to achieve a positive energy balance, which leads to an increase in adipose tissue, the development of overweight and obesity and other diseases, and last but not least, to the deterioration of self-sufficiency. Setting optimal energy intake is main key to maintain the patient's health and quality of life. Target The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to determine resting energy rate (RMR) in people after a transverse spinal cord injury. The subject of interest is also the comparison of the results with the prediction equation of Harris-Benedict with the indirect calorimetry (NK) method, to determine the body composition and determine the real energy intake of the diet. A control set of healthy individuals without the handicap of a transverse spinal cord lesion was chosen for the comparison of the obtained data. Methodology The research group consists of adults after a transverse spinal cord lesion. There were 26 people included, 11 women and 15 men, clients of the non-profit organization Centrum Paraple, o.p.s. The average age is 40.3 years...
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Lifestyle and quality of life of people with overweight and obesity
ŠIMKOVÁ, Simona
Overweight and obesity are a global problem. These diseases are characterized by an excessive amount of body fat in the body. The consequences of excessive body weight does not include only health effects but overweight and obesity also affect quality of life, social life and mental health of people with this disease. The basic measure of overweight and obesity is body mass index (BMI), however it may not be accurate for health risk assessment of each individual, e.g. for the development other diseases related to high weight. There are many variables associated with development of obesity such as genetic predisposition, the environment in which an individual grows up and lives, eating habits, physical activity, stress, etc. The aim of the dissertation was to determine what the quality of life and lifestyle of people with overweight and obesity is, to compare it with the quality of life and lifestyle of people with normal body weight and to describe the differences. It was choosen a quantitative research strategy to acomplish the aims. The data collection was realized by questionnaires and body composition analysis. We used a combination of standardized quality of life questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF and self administered questionnaire which was focused on lifestyle of respondents. Respondents were also measured by bioimpedance device InBody 270 for body composition analysis. The obtained data was statistically evaluated. Statistically significant differences were found between respondents with BMI <25 kg/m2 and respondents with BMI ?25 kg/m2 in individual domains of the questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF. Statistically significant differences were also found in two separately evaluated parts of the questionnaire. A higher quality of life was achieved by respondents with lower BMI in all domains as well as in two separately evaluated parts. We determined that the lifestyle is dependent on gender (positive, negative and also overall lifestyle score) with women having a healthier lifestyle than men. The negative lifestyle score was also dependent on BMI but inversely. The age had no effect in adherence to healthy lifestyle principles. We determined that people with overweight and obesity often have lower educational level. It was determined a significant association with satisfaction with health (p?0,001) and body fat percentage, amount of fat free mass, waist circumference, amount of visceral fat and waist to hip ratio. An alcohol consumption, regular physical activity or frequency of consumption of sweets and unhealthy eating also significantly affected selected body parameters. The dissertation provides a comprehensive view of the quality of life and lifestyle of overweight and obese people. It points to the fact that excessive body weight is not only health issue but it also has a negative impact in almost every aspect in the individual's life. It can point to a need of increasing awareness of all the consequences of overweight and obesity, a need to implement more preventive measures and also a complex approach for people with this disease. The dissertation can be useful for health professionals as well as other people who come in contact with overweight and obese people either in their profession or in daily life.
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Effect of Housing Temperature on Body Composition in Laboratory Mouse
Kružíková, Nikola ; Zouhar, Petr (advisor) ; Ferenčáková, Michaela (referee)
Development of obesity and associated disorders is caused by imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Significant part of energy expenditure can be represented by energy cost of maintaining stable body temperature. In this thesis, the effect of thermoneutrality and high fat feeding on body composition was characterized in female C57BL/6 mice. These mice were housed either at 22 řC (standard temperature) or at 30 řC (thermoneutrality) and fed by standard chow or high fat diet for 13 weeks. Energy intake of chow-fed thermoneutral animals was lowered in comparison to mice housed at standard temperature, reflecting lower energy cost of thermogenesis. This reduction of food intake was prevented by high fat feeding resulting in adipose tissue accumulation in particular in high fat-fed thermoneutral animals. While studying this model, protocol for assessment of body composition using newly acquired dual energy X-ray absorptiometry system was validated. Reflecting the development of obesity, glucose and lipid homeostasis was deteriorated in these mice. In line with earlier notions in literature describing male mice, our data suggest critical importance of housing temperature in efficiency of high fat feeding even in female mice. Keywords: thermoneutrality, obesity, body composition, DEXA
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Use of bioelectrical impedance analysis to determine composition of a body
EXNEROVÁ, Karolína
The topic of this thesis is "Use of bioelectrical impedance analysis to determine composition of a body". Measurement using bioelectrical impedance is considered an easily accessible, non-invasive and financially acceptable method of determining body composition, which is used to assess nutritional status, create diets and training plans. The theoretical part first deals with body composition, then describes in detail the bioelectrical impedance method. In the practical part, data collection was performed using a quantitative method. The research included 30 respondents who were recruited through social media or personal invitation to participate. The main objective of the work was to describe and determine deviations in the measurement of body composition using bioelectrical impedance methods between the InBody and Bodystat devices. The secondary objectives were to determine the advantages and disadvantages of measuring on InBody and Bodystat devices and to analyze the diets of selected respondents. In the research, a significant average deviation of 202.8 +- 138.2 kcal was found between the devices in measuring BMR. After dividing respondents by age, a significant average deviation was found between the devices in BMR, with a higher value (264.9 +- 111.7 kcal) among younger respondents compared to older respondents (121.6 +- 130.0 kcal). After dividing respondents by gender, it was found that the devices differed significantly in measuring BMR and TBW. The average deviation in TBW was greater with men (1.7 +- 3.1 l) than with women (0.4 +- 1.6 l). The average deviation in BMR was greater with men (272.5 +- 124.1 kcal) than with women (141.9 +- 122.8 kcal). When assessing the advantages and disadvantages of the devices with respect to measurement accuracy and the amount of data, the positives for the InBody370s prevail, and with respect to manipulation with the device, the positives for the Bodystat1500 device prevail. The Nutriservis Professional program was used to analyze the diets. In most cases, the respondents' diets did not correspond to the principles of proper nutrition. Fats and proteins were largely overrepresented, while with almost all respondents a carbohydrate deficiency was found. The diet's uniformity was a frequent problem for the respondents.
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Effect of Supplementation on Somatic Parameters
Kostikidou, Marianthi ; Kinkorová, Ivana (advisor) ; Heller, Jan (referee)
Author: Bc. Marianthi Kostikidou Title: Effect of supplementation on somatic parameters Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a 60-day long supplementation with Tribulus Terrestris on the body composition of healthy men. Methods: This diploma thesis is a double-blinded experiment. The theoretical part was mainly processed on the basis of information from electronic sources in English and Czech language. The subjects of this study were within the range of 18-35 years old and were randomly divided into an experimental (TT1) and a control (TT2) group. We examined changes in basic anthropometric parameters (height, weight, circumferences, skinfolds) and body composition estimated by bioelectrical impedance (BIA). The statistical analysis of the data was evaluated using ANOVA. The level of significance was set to 0.05. Results: In TT1 we observed significant changes in anthropometric parameters. Changes in body composition estimated by BIA were not of statistical significance. Statistically significant changes in TT2 were noted in both anthropometric measurements and BIA. Changes in both groups could be caused by various factors. Keywords: ergogens, nutritional supplements, tribulus terrestris, testosterone, caliperation, body composition, bioelectrical impedance
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An effect of cold showers on physical characteristics of adults
ANDERLOVÁ, Štěpánka
The bachelor thesis is focused on the behavior of brown adipose tissue (BAT) when activated by cold exposure. Non-shaking thermogenesis then takes place in this tissue, during which heat is generated. For this reason, it is possible to activate BAT with a cold shower, during which a given thermogenesis takes place, and to monitor the impact on the change in the physical charakteristics of an adult. The cold showers research involved 48 students aged 19-26 who took a shower with cold water several times a week. One group was taking cold showers for 11 months, the other for three months. Their body composition was measured with a Bodystat device and skin folds was measured at four parts of the body using a caliper, always at the beginning and at the end of the research. The measured data were processed and evaluated. An important result can be found in experimental groups, where with increasing number of cold showers there was an increase in adipose tissue, even though the result is not statistically significant.
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Possibilities of active body weight regulation and its use in PF students
HAIT, Martin
The aim of the diploma thesis is to find out the most common methods of active regulation of body weight in students of the Faculty of Education of the University of South Bohemia. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the possibilities (ways) of active regulation of body weight. By lifestyle, nutrition, movement, physical typology, regeneration and the mental side of a human being. The practical part of the thesis was realized using a quantitative questionnaire, which was distributed among students of the Faculty of Education of the University of South Bohemia. The obtained data are compiled in spreadsheets and graphs. The conclusion of the thesis is the processing of the results of the research file and subsequent recommendations in the field of this issue.
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