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Vyhodnocení emisí amoniaku z chovu prasat ve vybraném zemědělském podniku
SUFČÁK, Vojtěch
The objective of this master thesis is to evaluate the average annual emission of ammonia burden gases on the Martínkov farm in a selected pig breeding. Equipment from the BAT Center of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice was used to achieve all the measurements. Scientists have been dealing with the pollution of the planet for several years. To achieve the reduction of waste substances, it is important to suppress the substances that enter the atmosphere to the greatest extent possible. It is necessary to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, methane, but above all ammonia. Agriculture is considered the largest producer of ammonia, it is capable of producing up to 85 % of ammonia worldwide. Furthermore, the content of the thesis includes a literature search, which describes pig breeding, ammonia, pig welfare, BAT and the greenhouse effect.
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Up-to-Date Medium Capacity Waste-to-Energy Unit
Krišpín, Jan ; Krejčí, Tomáš (referee) ; Bébar, Ladislav (advisor)
The submitted Master Thesis deals with the technological/mechanical solution of an up-to-date medium capacity waste-to-energy plant. Operational requirements and basic parameters related to a concrete region are specified in the introduction of the Thesis. This is supplemented by a flow-sheet of the plant with the description of main process subsystems. To meet the goals of the Thesis basic balance information is summarized and related schemes included. These data represent principal inputs for the on-site plant as well as basic parameters for the design of key equipment. These pieces of equipment are schematically drawn including their basic parameters and a description of construction. All the available innovative solutions are taken into account. The Thesis provides also a technical-economic analysis for being able to evaluate the overall project.
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State of the art in the field of industrial waste gas cleaning
Kudela, Petr ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Brummer, Vladimír (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of cleaning of industrial waste gases. The legislation background of environmental protection, the role of BREF and current situation in the field of emission limits in the light of legislation of the Czech republic and the European union is described in the first part. Further the thesis displays short overview of the industrial waste gases cleaning technologies and the particular example of the evolution of emission limits is given. In the conclusion of the thesis there are the future planned changes of the BREFs shown and the gained knowledge is summarized.
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Best available techniques for construction and demolition waste treatment
Keprtová, Karolína ; Kolář, Jan
Waste prevention is the best approach according to the waste hierarchy, but there are activities which can‘t avoid waste production. Such activities include construction activities, in particular demolition and landscaping. If waste is generated, its recycling is desirable. Recycling installations should be beneficial to the environment and should therefore meet high environmental standards. For this purpose are BAT (Best Available Techniques) widely used. The paper summarizes the possibilities of using BAT for recycling construction and demolition waste.
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Vyhodnocení emisí amoniaku z vybraného chovu prasat
BOČEK, Jan
The purpose of this final work is to evaluate the average annual emission of ammonia ballast gas from a selected pig farm in Hejná of Horažďovice in the Pilsen region. Instruments from the BAT center of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice were used for the measurements. This problem around the ammonia (NH3) ballast gas is further compared with the European Union directive and also evaluated according to the given statistical methods. In order to improve relations between agriculture and the environment, it is above all necessary to reduce emissions of all stress gases (NH3, CO2, N2O, CH4), but especially ammonia. Due to the increasing use of intensive agriculture, ammonia affects not only the environment but also the creation of the landscape, where it affects important landscape elements such as soil, air and water. Agriculture is considered to be the largest producer of ammonia up to 90 % worldwide. The use of the latest products for reducing the concentration of ammonia in the stable environment, in the processing of manure and slurry and protective measures when establishing manure and pits is a suitable method to prevent large-scale ammonia leakage into the air. The final work also has in its content a literature search, which mentions pig breeding in general, statistics and the economics of pig breeding.
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Best Available Technologies for Intensive Livestock Production: Analysis of Present State in the Czech Republic
HAVELKA, Zbyněk
The thesis deals with the issue of the use of the best available technologies (BAT) in poultry and pig farms falling under the IPPC regime in the Czech Republic. The thesis presents an overview of the legislative framework of IPPC in the Czech Republic, an overview of the most important BATs. From the point of view of intensive poultry and pig farms, an overview of the number of facilities and their location in the Czech Republic, reported annual ammonia emissions and BAT used by these facilities is presented.
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The role of PGC-1α during the development of a cardioprotective phenotype in a rat adapted to mild cold
Bajsová, Barbora ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Szeiffová Bačová, Barbara (referee)
Cold exposure elicits a thermoregulatory response in an organism. If the cold stimulus is sufficient, there is increased heat generation by shivering thermogenesis. Under prolonged action of the cold stimulus, shivering thermogenesis is replaced by non-shivering thermogenesis. Non-shivering thermogenesis in the rat takes place predominantly in brown adipose tissue (BAT), where the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is activated in mitochondria under the control of adrenergic signaling. The activity of UCP1 is crucial for heat production. The coactivator PGC-1α plays an important role in mitochondrial biogenesis and in the energy metabolism of BAT and heart, and its function is associated with cardioprotection. Recently, the cardioprotective effects of mild cold adaptation at 8±1 řC were discovered in our laboratory, which reduced the size of ischemia-reperfusion injury without negative side effects. However, the molecular nature of the events induced by adaptation to mild cold is unknown neither in BAT nor in the heart itself. Therefore, the aims of the thesis were 1) to characterize the development of BAT at the level of expression of selected proteins and mitochondrial markers during acute cold exposure and chronic cold adaptation with subsequent recovery and 2) to determine the role of PGC-1α and...
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New findings of physiological and ecological aspects of hibernating bats
Ungrová, Zdislava ; Jahelková, Helena (advisor) ; Lučan, Radek (referee)
Bats can be found in almost all climatic zones. They have to deal with unfavorable conditions of environment to survive and reproduce sucessfully. Especially in temperate zones they have to deal with cold temperatures and lack of food during a winter season. To save energy bats enter a short, diurnal torpor or a hibernation. Usually, hibernation lasts all winter and is disturbed by short bouts of arousals. During both hibernation and torpor a physiological changes occur in bodies of bats. Body temperature decreases from endothermic levels, metabolic rates are reduced as well as respiratory rate and pulse. These changes are mainly influenced by weight and body size, diet, ambient temperature, sex and reproductive status. With the developement of new technologies, these changes can be measured more accurately than they have been in past, whether in a field or in a laboratory. But not all physiological processes are well explained. We have little knowledge especially about mechanism of arousal from hibernation. During awakening bats are infected by fungus Geomyces destructans that affects their immune system. In Norh America fungus causes a disease called White- Nose syndrome (WNS), that is responsible for death of millions of bats, especially endangered is Myotis lucifugus. In Europe, this disease is reffered...
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The content of components of ATP synthasome in different rat tissues and in patients with defects in ATP synthase
Mikulová, Tereza ; Houštěk, Josef (advisor) ; Kalous, Martin (referee)
The complexes of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are situated in the inner mitochondrial membrane in higher structural and functional complexes, so-called supercomplexes, which facilitates substrate channeling. ATP synthase is also able to organize in higher structures. In mammalian mitochondria, ATP synthase is usually present in a dimeric form. There is evidence of its trimerization and even tetramerization. Furthermore, it seems that ATP synthase catalyzing the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP, adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) ensuring the exchange of ADP for newly synthesized ATP across the inner mitochondrial membrane and phosphate carrier (PiC) allowing the import of inorganic phosphate (Pi) into the matrix of mitochondria are assembled in a supercomplex called ATP synthasome. This association among the components of phosphorylative apparatus seems to increase the efficiency of processes leading to the ATP synthesis. First, we studied amounts of the components of phosphorylative apparatus in connection with various ATP synthase contents among mitochondria isolated from nine rat tissues. Mitochondrial proteins were separated by denaturing electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and their content was analyzed using specific antibodies. In agreement with our expectations, the highest content of...
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