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A sociolinguistic study of the New York City English and its lexis
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Karolína
This bachelor´s thesis investigates the lexicon of New York City English (NYCE) dialect, which results from the rich linguistic landscape of the city. Due to the fact that New York City has a long history of immigration, many exogenous words have found their way into the speech of its residents. In addition to words that have been introduced into the dialect by immigrants, the New York lexicon is also rich for words and phrases that were coined directly in the city. Previous research conducted on this topic indicated that some lexical devices used by New Yorkers are different from those used by speakers in the rest of the United States, and many of the dialect´s characteristic traits remain unique to the area of New York City. To date there has been very little recent research done on the spread of the lexicon beyond the dialectal area and the actual use of this vocabulary among New Yorkers. This thesis has aimed to fill this gap. The spread and use of the lexicon was investigated by means of a questionnaire, targeted at three groups of respondents: New Yorkers, Americans living outside of New York City and people from other English-speaking countries. The data collected from each cohort were presented, analyzed, and interpreted. The survey results firstly confirmed that New Yorkers, in comparison with respondents from other parts of the United States and with respondents from other English-speaking countries, are generally more familiar with words that have roots in immigrant languages. New Yorkers are also more likely to use this NYCE lexis in their everyday lives. Secondly, as regards the expressions that were coined in New York City, the results revealed that many of these words remain to some extent restricted to the New York City area. Finally, the findings also indicate that some of the NYCE lexis surveyed is gradually disappearing from the speech of New Yorkers and remains known and used mainly by speakers belonging to the older generation.
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Comparing applied policies and approaches in select U.S. cities in the context of urban crime
Vaculík, Jan ; Dopieralla, Jakub (advisor) ; Tesař, Jakub (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Comparison of applied policies and approaches in selected American cities in the context of urban crime" will deal with public policies addressing the issue of urban crime in selected American cities. The main part of the work will be an overview of the situation in each city, including the implementation of individual policies in the given urban areas and then their subsequent comparison. Within each city, three topics will be covered. The first will be an outline of history in the context of the issue. The subsequent main part within each city will deal with specific policies and their results. The final part will be devoted to the elaboration of the political context. The objectives of the subsequent comparison will be the results of the strategies across the defined cities, together with the impacts and influence of individual policies on the decline in crime. The comparison will also include an overall comparison of the policies and their implications.
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Bronx as the Birth Place of Hip Hop: Locality as the Key Factor of Creation of a New Subculture
Solničková, Sabina ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
The Bachelor thesis South Bronx as a cradle of hip-hip: location as a key factor for the emergence of hip-hop subculture deals with the circumstances that allowed the emergence of the hip-hop subculture in the 1970's in the Bronx. Considering the transformation that Bronx has undergone before the beginning of this decade in terms of its reconstruction and exchange of people, the thesis attempts to examine which key events have caused this transformation that in the early 1970s created a combination of factors that formed the hip-hop subculture. The aim of this work is to demonstrate how these pivotal facets of the Bronx's influenced the emergence of the hip-hop subculture and answer the question how the subculture was influenced by social environment of the Bronx.
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Modern Trends of Urban Development as a Significant Component of human-security policy in urban spaces of 21st Century
Masare, Vít ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
The aim of this research paper is to answer the question: to what measure, from the perspective of the human security concept, do the progressive participatory- inclusive trends of urban development, built on the principle of organic thinking about city-society, represent a cheaper, efficient and long-term preventive strategies to counter violence and insecurity compared to rather traditional control-repressive reaction using security forces and whether they are universally applicable. The direction where the urban development agenda, eventually infrastructure building, will evolve has the capacity to influence everyday security and quality of life of more than half of the global population. No matter if and how the national armies are prepared, if and where can the state allocate basic energetic resources or how is the state ready to face eventual terrorist attack. Presented examples of a breakthrough transformation of society, physical environment and security n Bogotá under the mayors Mockus and Penalosa together with the transformation of development strategies of New York City based on the reflection of the globally growing discourse of the human scale urbanism and human security in cities under mayor Bloomberg both demonstrate that in efforts to increase the comprehensive quality of life and...
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