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The role of mitochondrial energy metabolism in cell senescence
Zima, Michal ; Trnka, Jan (advisor) ; Pecinová, Alena (referee)
Cellular senescence represents status, when the cells cease to divide and remain in permanent cell cycle arrest. Senescence is considered to be an active response of the cell to various extrinsic and intrinsic types of stress such as certain oncogene activation, exposing to several cytokines or drugs and damaged and/or uncapped telomeres. Senescent cells are characterised by extensive modification of gene expression, flattened and enlargement of cellular body. Hypothetically, altered gene expression may lead also to increase of certain surface proteins expression. Such protein can be L1 cell adhesive molecule (L1CAM), which is expressed heterogeneously within the population. This Thesis describes current knowledge of cellular senescence, the mechanism, which may result in establishment of senescence phenotype, and also the characteristic markers of senescence. Thesis also puts together the heterogeneity of L1CAM expression in A375 senescent cells with oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate performed by Seahorse XFe24 metabolic analyser. Therefore, ells were sorted according to their levels of expressing L1CAM onto low and high L1CAM expressing subpopulations. Obtained data show potential correlation between the rate of L1CAM expression in A375 cells and the metabolic rate. Key...
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Strenghtening European Commission's external actorness through internationalisation of SMEs: An institutional analysis of Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (CIP), 2002-2009
Trnka, Jan ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
European Union faced several external challenges in the beginning of the 21st century. Its enlargement to 24 member states led to a state of dissimilar and not well interconnected economies in need of a new model of external competitiveness. Finding the model and, more importantly, delivering it on community level, was a new task of the European Commission, especially after re-launch of the Lisbon strategy in 2005. Yet, there was another challenge for EU that was not so easy to address by the Commission: the relative weakening of EU's external economic action comparing to new increasingly assertive policies of other international players, especially BRICs. Was it possible for the Commission focus only on supporting EU competitiveness without any external action, as was expected by articles of the Treaty of Nice? As the thesis argues, indeed there was an external action of the Commission before the Lisbon treaty, through its public support of SME internationalization within the Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (CIP). A neoinstitutional analysis of the issues on two levels is carried out: Firstly on the level of European institutions (motives, relevant contexts and institutional rules), secondly, on the level of secondary actors (SMEs, NGOs, CIP executive agency EACI), where the...
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The German-Chinese Rule of Law Dialogue: Quantitative Analysis of Projects, 2000-2010
Trnka, Jan ; Nigrin, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mlsna, Petr (referee)
Jan Trnka, "German-Chinese Rule of Law Dialogue: Quantitative Analysis of Projects, 2000- 2010" (bachelors' thesis, Charles University, 2011): 57 s. During the last 10 years, the German-Chinese Rule of Law Dialogue (Deutsch-Chinesischer Rechtsstaatsdialog) has developed into one of the most significant axes of Sino-German relations. Although the attention is paid to its yearly official symposia, its core is has been formed by various state actors, academic institutions and NGOs that have administrated its long-term projects (such as consulting service in various fields of rule of law, but also research in international law, translation of both sides' legislation, joint curricula etc.). Naturally, these partial projects differ significantly in its thematic scope, profile of attendees and also in its formats. Therefore, the thesis is focused on providing at least partial answers to most pressing issues, the dialogue faces today which is the thematic relevance and measurable achievements of its primary objectives. Firstly, the analysis focuses on broader historical, political and practical motives for the establishment of the rule of law dialogue. Its normative part focuses on political discourse over the main aims of the future mechanism. The second quantitative chapter provides detailed description...
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Identification of complex modulus using of the Hopkinson Split Pressure Bar.
Buchar, J. ; Trnka, Jan ; Řídký, R.
A split Hopkinson pressure bar procedure was used for non-parametric identificon of complex\nmodulus under conditions of non-equilibrium and axially non-uniform stress Tests were carried out with\naluminium bars and with specimens of composite materials (Low viscosity epoxy resin and Baytube multiwalled\ncarbon nanotubes) and having diameter 15 mm and length 7 mm. The influence of the nanotubes\nconcentration on the dynamic response of given composites was evaluated.
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Ecomomy and Development of City since 1990
TRNKA, Jan
The aim of this master thesis is to describe economy and development of city since 1990. The first part of this thesis is focused on acquirement of theoretical knowledge, which is related to surveyed area. The theoretical part of this thesis is followed by practical part. The practical part is divided into two parts. The first part is focused on economy. Economy of the city was analyzed by several indicators. The economy part was firstly focused on basic budget management and the concentrated on deeper analysis of revenues and expenditures. Indebtedness of city was also analyzed. The second part of practical part was focus on development of city which was analyzed by many indicators which describe different area of development such as demography, social and economic area or infrastructure and Environment.
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The use of activation methods in teaching economics
Dlouhá, Martina ; Králová, Alena (advisor) ; Trnka, Jan (referee)
Abstrakt In my thesis I deal with the activation methods. The aim of this is to explain the students given topic using several activation methods with following test, which should give feedback of the results achieved. I wanted to research whether the activation methods affect students knowledge. I also wanted to know the students opinion on those methods and find out, if they are used by teachers of economics. I divided the diploma thesis into two parts, theory and research. In the theoretical part I describe the education on schools of economics, forms of organization, educational methods mainly the activation ones. In research I describe the procedure of my experiment. The crucial part is the analysis of the didactic tests results, which was done by the students and it is completed with the questionnaires results. I point out the impact of using the activation methods in teaching and the benefits for students, who gain the practical knowledge.
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The Importance of Social Communication Abilities in Relation to the Quality of Economic Education
Holečková, Lenka ; Trnka, Jan (advisor) ; Asztalos, Ondřej (referee) ; Velichová, Ľudmila (referee)
The thesis deals with social communication in economic education with special focus on actual level of students' communication abilities within selected institutions. The special attention is paid to the aspects and the competencies that are crucial to be developed. The work is divided into two parts and two related research problems. The base of the thesis lies in the application of rhetorical and social communication aspects into economic subjects in which the influence of these aspects on the quality of presentation is researched with the help of experimental method and observation. The presentation is focused on economic topic that is presented by students to their colleagues. The evaluation is focused on final quality of presentation (evaluated with the help of selected aspects). Next key part of the thesis is aimed on the development of students' ability to give the arguments in economic subject with the help of active teaching methods. The influence of active teaching methods on students' knowledge is assessed. The students are divided into two groups; the first one is taught with the help of active teaching methods, the second one via classic frontal teaching method. The knowledge of the topic is evaluated by didactic test. The fundamental meaning of active teaching methods with focus on argumentation is highlighted because of its crucial importance for future students' acting in the labour market. The importance of differences between pretest and posttest is evaluated via Paired Two Sample t-test; the importance of differences between experimental and control group via Student's t-test. The main methods used in the work are experiment, observation, scaling, survey, didactic test and statistic interpretations such a Shapiro-Wilk test, F-test, Paired Two Sample t-test, Student's t-test. On the basis of the results there will be suggested integration of rhetorical and communication aspects and of the selected active teaching methods into teaching of economic subjects. The purpose of the work is to show the importance of communication aspects integration into teaching of economic subjects and to suggest the possibilities how to develop the communication aspects.
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A Split Hopkinson Bar Method for Testing Materials with Low Characteristic Impedance
Buchar, J. ; Řídký, R. ; Drdlová, M. ; Trnka, Jan
A split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique has been developed to study dynamic behaviour of materials having low characteristic impedance. To enable better matching of characteristic impedance with a specimen, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bar is used as the output bar. The viscoelastic properties of PMMA are determined in advance through preliminary experiments. In the present SHPB method, the wave analysis of the stress pulses is executed in the frequency domain. Transmitted pulses on the PMMA output bar resulting from a SHPB test are resolved into frequency components by the Fourier transform, and are corrected to be the waveforms at the specimen-bar interfaces. The corrected waveforms have been used for the evaluation of experimental results on the stress pulse transmission and reflection at the interface between elastic (Aluminium) and viscoelastic bars.
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Response of quail eggs to non-destruktive impact during their storage
Strnková, J. ; Nedomová, Š. ; Trnka, Jan
During storage there are a number of changes in the egg affecting its quality and technological properties. The egg quality is mostly characterized by albumen quality during the storage. Changes during storage lead to changes in albumen´s consistency, increasing pH and changes in Haugh units. Japanese quail eggs were used for the experiment. These eggs were stored at 6 degrees C for 16 weeks. The submitted paper deals with the influence of the storage duration on the response of quail egg to non destructive impact. The response is measured using of the eggshell surface displacement using of the laser vibrometer. The change in the albumen quality significantly affects the time history of the eggshell surface and namely its representation in the frequency domain. The used method can be used for the non destructive evaluation of the egg quality during its storage.
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Evaluation of Plate Structure Response to Buried Explosive Charges
Buchar, J. ; Řídký, R. ; Drdlová, M. ; Trnka, Jan
An interactiom of the blast pressure wave after detonation of a burried mine under the multilayer mine protection mounted to the bottom of a vehicle is described in this paper.The main focus was applied to absorbing capability of the multilayer sandwich. Results from numerical simulations were compared with experimental tests. The test procedure is provided according to STANAG 4569/AEP-55 standard with threat level 3B.
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