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Systematic evaluation of the fossil wood record from the Ohře rift area with a focus on the volcanic bodies of the České středohoří and Doupovské hory Mts.
Koutecký, Vít ; Sakala, Jakub (advisor) ; Gryc, Vladimír (referee) ; Klusek, Marzena (referee)
The present thesis is conceived as a commentary to the attached publications and represents several years of study of the fossil woods from the volcanic rocks of the České středohoří and Doupovské hory Mts. (Paleogene, Czech Republic). A brief introduction to the subject is followed by an overview of the used methods, a short geological setting and the history of fossil wood research in the study area. The results are presented by individual localities, where the description of the locality is followed by a systematic evaluation of the fossil woods. In the studied fossil wood material, there are 3 conifers from 2 families: Glyptostroboxylon rudolphii, Taxodioxylon gypsaceum (both Cupressaceae s.l.) and Pinuxylon parryoides (Pinaceae) and 17 angiosperms from 9 families: Cinnamomoxylon seemanianum (Lauraceae), Platanoxylon bohemicum, Platanoxylon sp. (both Platanaceae), Ulmoxylon marchesonii, Ulmoxylon cf. kersonianum, ?Ulmoxylon sp. (all Ulmaceae), Quercoxylon böckhianum, Castanoxylon bavaricum, Lithocarpoxylon sp. (all Fagaceae), Eucaryoxylon crystallophorum (Juglandaceae), Alnus tschemrylica (Betulaceae), Grewioxylon ortenburgense, cf. Grewioxylon ortenburgense (both Malvaceae s.l.), Paradiospyroxylon kvacekii (Ebenaceae), Fraxinoxylon cf. prambachense (Oleaceae) and two indeterminable samples...
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Systematical revision of the Bryophyte macrofossil remains described in the Tertiary of Bohemian Massif
Veselá, Veronika ; Sakala, Jakub (advisor) ; Kučera, Jan (referee)
The fossil record of bryophytes is significantly sparser than that of other terrestrial plants. This fact may be caused by low fossilization potential, incomplete preservation that does not allow a detailed study, or the inability of paleobotanists of precise identification of bryophytes fragments. The presented diploma thesis summarizes the findings on the hitherto published macroscopic samples of the tertiary bryophytes of the Bohemian Massif (České Středohoří Mts.) together with the yet unpublished findings from the Most Basin. The main aim of the thesis is a detailed description of anatomical and morphological features of individual samples and their classification into recent taxa. A total number of 16 samples were described and classified into 15 taxa across the system, specifically into 3 classes (Haplomitriopsida, Jungermanniopsida, Bryopsida), 9 families (Frullaniaceae, Fissidentaceae, Mniaceae, Aulacomniaceae, Amblystegiaceae, Thuidiaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Plagiotheciaceae, Neckeraceae) and 8 genera (Frullania, Fissidens, Aulacomnium, Drepanocladus, Thuidium, Brachythecium, Plagiothecium, Homalia). Two samples were placed in the fossil genus Muscites (Muscites sp. 1, Muscites sp. 2), which stands outside the recent system. Key words: Bryophyta, Tertiary of the Bohemian Massif,...
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Carboniferous tropical ecosystems of euramerican province
Frojdová, Jana ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Sakala, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with the tropical terrestrial ecosystems of Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) time. It is especially focussed on description of the Carboniferous tropical forest and its components. Introductory parts of the thesis deal with the general characteristics of Carboniferous period, including fauna and flora, distributions of continents and how was the climate of this period. Second part follows the characteristics of particular components of the Carboniferous tropical forest, i.e. of individual plant groups and genera, and their ecological demands. Characterised are plants and their assemblages in tropical lowlands as well as in upland areas, rarely preserved in sedimentary record. In the next part I characterise the dynamics of the forest of Carboniferous tropics and discuss potential mechanisms which controlled the floristic changes including plant extinction. The role of climate changes, which had great influence on vegetation, is discussed as the possible main control. In the separate chapter I describe extinction of arborescent lycopsids. Key words: ecosystem, tropical forest, lowland, climate changes
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Overview of the Monilophyte macroremains in the Paleozoic of Bohemian Massif based on the literature
Zavoloko, Dmitrii ; Sakala, Jakub (advisor) ; Šimůnek, Zbyněk (referee)
Systematics of terrestrial plants (Embryophyta) has undergone a rapid development in re- cent years. Within the vascular plants (Tracheophyta), three large groups are distinguished today: Lycophyta, horsetails and ferns (Monilophyta), and finally, the seed plants together with progymnosperms (Lignophyta). All of these groups are known in the Bohemian Mas- sif from the middle Devonian. During the Carboniferous and Permian, they undergo a rapid development. For any future systematic research of the Monilophyta, it is first and fore- most desirable to include already published Paleozoic macroremains into a new systematic framework and to give them an exhaustive overview. Keywords: Monilophyta, Equisetopsida, Marattiopsida, Polypodiopsida, horsetails, ferns, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, palaeobotany, Bohemian Massif
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Mineral springs of the Karlovy Vary region
Nikolovová, Soňa ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (advisor) ; Sakala, Jakub (referee)
The submitted Thesis is a summary of all the available information on Carlsbad mineral springs. The thesis is divided into three main parts. The first part, considers the general geological proportions of western Bohemia, thoroughly examines the regional geology and describes the formation of the landscape from a statigraphic perspective since the Proterozoic Era. Furthermore it considers the origin and composition of the mineral springs, which form the subsoil in Carlsbad, i.e. Thermal springs plate. The second part solely describes the individual springs as they are. It resolves around their composition, history, locality, temperature and discharge. The last part is dedicated to the historical and present treatment methods, which are practiced in Carlsbad, through the healing effects of the springs on the human organism and their ability to influence individual organs. The goal of this Thesis was to compile the available information and point to the fact that the mineral springs of Carlsbad can be beneficial for a human in many ways.
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Silicified stems of upper Paleozoic plants from the Intra Sudetic and Krkonoše Piedmont basins
Mencl, Václav ; Sakala, Jakub (advisor) ; Pšenička, Josef (referee) ; Florjan, Slawomir (referee)
The late Paleozoic deposits of the Czech Republic are famous for their rich occurence of silicified stems. Despite the fact they have been often described and are well-known among scientists and collectors, their modern evaluation is lacking. This work summarizes results of recent anatomical and paleoenvironmental studies of silicified stems of the Intra Sudetic and Krkonoše Piedmont basins, where are these fossils found very frequently. Based on field research and review of public and private collections, the presence of silicified remnants was proved in several stratigraphic units. Firstly, this work deals with silicified stems of calamitaleans, which are known from the Ploužnice Horizon of the Krkonoše Piedmont Basin, and some gymnosperms. Based on anatomical studies of the secondary xylem and other related features there were found two species of calamitaleans: Arthropitys cf. bistriata and Calamitea striata. Secondly, the more abundant Agathoxylon - type of wood was divided into two groups, which are assigned to cordaitaleans, and conifers. The palaeoenvironmental conditions were partly reconstructed according to sedimentary structures and also according to cordaitaleans - conifers ratio in each wood-bearing layer. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Study of fossil wood by modern analytical methods: case studies
Matysová, Petra ; Sakala, Jakub (advisor) ; Soták, Ján (referee) ; Dietrich, Dagmar (referee)
Silicified woods belonging to the three-dimensional permineralised plants are thoroughly studied by palaeobotanists. Their importance is usually underestimated in other scientific disciplines, their mineralogy/geochemistry is poorly known in close relation to other known scientific data. Stone-like appearance and nature of silicified wood is valued mainly in mineralogical markets. Only a complex analytical view can reveal more about their taphonomic past, palaeoenvironments and mechanisms of their formation and preservation. This PhD thesis aims to uncover the potential of instrumental analyses of permineralised woods and design remarkable procedures of observing the wood samples. I have performed petrographical and geochemical analyses and comparison of samples of the Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) to the Late Triassic age from several localities in the Czech Republic, Germany, Brazil, Sultanate of Oman, Mongolia, USA - Arizona, France, and Antarctica. The selected samples, in most cases taxonomically determined, were observed in qualitative and quantitative way by instrumental imaging and analytical tools. Bulk (XRD) and detailed point analyses were performed. As the samples are very old, the crystallinity of SiO2 was high (α-quartz was their main constituent according to XRD). A rather rare...
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