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Extended nominal coreference and bridging anaphora (an approach to annotation of Czech data in Prague dependency treebank)
Nedoluzhko, Anna ; Uličný, Oldřich (advisor) ; Hajičová, Eva (referee) ; Oliva, Karel (referee)
The dissertation presents one of the possible models of processmg extended textual coreference and bridging anaphora in a large textual corpora, which we then use for annotation of certain relations in texts of the Prague Oependency Treebank (POT). Based, on the one hand, on the literature concerning the theory of reference, discource and some findings of theoretical linguistics, and, on the other hand, using the existing methodology of annotations, we created a detailed classification of textual coreferential relations and types of bridging anaphora. Within textual coreference, we distinguish between two types of textual coreferential relations - coreferential relations between noun phrases with specific reference and coreferential relation between noun phrases with non-specific, primarily generic, reference. We determined six types of relations for bridging anaphora: relation PART- between part and whole; relation SUBSET - between a set and a subset or element of a set; FUNCT - between an object and a unique function on that entity; CONTRAST- between semantíc and contextual opposites; relation ANAF of anaphorical referencing between noncoreferencial objects; REST- for other examples of bridging anaphora. One of the goals of the research is to create a system of theoretical principals that would be used...
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The contribution of UJC CSAV and its predecessors to the Czech linguistical science (history of UJC CSAV and its predecessors as seen in archival materials)
Dvořáčková, Věra ; Oliva, Karel (advisor) ; Míšková, Alena (referee) ; Uhlířová, Ludmila (referee)
This year the Institute of the Czech Language AS CR (Ustav pro jazyk cesky AV CR) is celebrating the 100th anniversary of foundation of its direct predecessor, the Office of the Dictionary of the Czech Language (Kancelar Slovniku jazyka ceskeho, KSJC) which provided the administrative background for an ambitious lexicographic project launched already in 1905 by the committee for lexicography and dialectology the Czech Academy of Emperor Franz Joseph for sciences, literature and art, to become the Czech Academy for Sciences and Art (CAVU) in 1918. Although much was done between the wars to establish a state-funded language institute, i.e. an institution which would unify the all-encompassing research of language and systematic work with the national language, for financial reasons the Czech Language Institute was established only in 1946. Six years later, the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (CSAV) was founded and incorporated, among others, the Institute of the Czech Language. During the years, the structure of the Institute underwent various changes which were not merely a response to linguistic needs but also to the events of the time relating to the strengthening of the totalitarian communist power. Top Communist Party officials often interfered with personnel matters of the Institute and...
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Description of Old Czech Common Nouns Declension (with regard to Automatic Morphological Analysis of Texts in Old Czech Text Bank)
Synková, Pavlína ; Oliva, Karel (advisor) ; Petkevič, Vladimír (referee) ; Vepřek, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis aims at explicit description of Old Czech common nouns declension with regard to its application in a tool for automatic morphological analysis of (digitized) texts in Old Czech. This means that this description is intended to serve as a basis for automatic generation of word forms (jointly with their appropriate morphological information and lemma) which will then be used for assigning morphological categories (gender, number, case) and lemma to word forms occurring in Old Czech digitized texts. The thesis thus develops a base for the first step in transformation of text banks (which currently exist for the Old Czech period) into an Old Czech corpus offering more possibilities for linguistic research. The Old Czech period is defined as a period from the beginning of the 14th century (more precisely from the period when first coherent texts written in Czech appeared) approx. to the end of the 15th century. Nouns were chosen for this work, because they cover approx. 30% of texts in current Czech (which is the highest percentage from all parts of speech). Old Czech texts are taken into account only in a transcribed form (based on transcription rules used in the Old Czech Text Bank developed at the Institute of the Czech Language of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic). On the one...
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Standard Language with Regard to Teaching Czech as a Foreign Language
Bulejčíková, Petra ; Oliva, Karel (advisor) ; Hrdlička, Milan (referee) ; Škodová, Svatava (referee)
The dissertation analyses the stratification of Czech in terms of teaching Czech as a foreign language. The general theoretical part relates to teaching Czech as a foreign language or other foreign languages as close as possible. This part also includes the analysis of recordings of authentic communication between Czech speakers and foreigners. The findings of the analysis are subsequently applied to the sample plans of teaching units. The introductory part deals with the history and development of the theory of the standard Czech language and it also presents the attitudes held by the members of the Prague Linguistic Circle, which were published in Spisovná čeština a jazyková kultura (Czech Literary Language and Culture) in 1932. The theoretical part reflects the issue of defining the standard, mentions diglossia and presents a variety of contemporary opinions on future trends in the development of codification. In accordance with its aim, the paper lists the recommendations of benchmark descriptions for Czech as a foreign language and also describes so called Foreigner Talk, including the way foreigners are spoken to by the speakers of Czech. Furthermore, the extent to which spoken Czech is reflected upon in the instruction of Czech language for foreigners and/or teaching materials were studied....
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The contribution of UJC CSAV and its predecessors to the Czech linguistical science (history of UJC CSAV and its predecessors as seen in archival materials)
Dvořáčková, Věra ; Oliva, Karel (advisor) ; Míšková, Alena (referee) ; Uhlířová, Ludmila (referee)
This year the Institute of the Czech Language AS CR (Ustav pro jazyk cesky AV CR) is celebrating the 100th anniversary of foundation of its direct predecessor, the Office of the Dictionary of the Czech Language (Kancelar Slovniku jazyka ceskeho, KSJC) which provided the administrative background for an ambitious lexicographic project launched already in 1905 by the committee for lexicography and dialectology the Czech Academy of Emperor Franz Joseph for sciences, literature and art, to become the Czech Academy for Sciences and Art (CAVU) in 1918. Although much was done between the wars to establish a state-funded language institute, i.e. an institution which would unify the all-encompassing research of language and systematic work with the national language, for financial reasons the Czech Language Institute was established only in 1946. Six years later, the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (CSAV) was founded and incorporated, among others, the Institute of the Czech Language. During the years, the structure of the Institute underwent various changes which were not merely a response to linguistic needs but also to the events of the time relating to the strengthening of the totalitarian communist power. Top Communist Party officials often interfered with personnel matters of the Institute and...
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The contribution of UJC CSAV and its predecessors to the Czech linguistical science (history of UJC CSAV and its predecessors as seen in archival materials)
Dvořáčková, Věra ; Oliva, Karel (advisor) ; Míšková, Alena (referee) ; Uhlířová, Ludmila (referee)
This year the Institute of the Czech Language AS CR (Ustav pro jazyk cesky AV CR) is celebrating the 100th anniversary of foundation of its direct predecessor, the Office of the Dictionary of the Czech Language (Kancelar Slovniku jazyka ceskeho, KSJC) which provided the administrative background for an ambitious lexicographic project launched already in 1905 by the committee for lexicography and dialectology the Czech Academy of Emperor Franz Joseph for sciences, literature and art, to become the Czech Academy for Sciences and Art (CAVU) in 1918. Although much was done between the wars to establish a state-funded language institute, i.e. an institution which would unify the all-encompassing research of language and systematic work with the national language, for financial reasons the Czech Language Institute was established only in 1946. Six years later, the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (CSAV) was founded and incorporated, among others, the Institute of the Czech Language. During the years, the structure of the Institute underwent various changes which were not merely a response to linguistic needs but also to the events of the time relating to the strengthening of the totalitarian communist power. Top Communist Party officials often interfered with personnel matters of the Institute and...
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Extended nominal coreference and bridging anaphora (an approach to annotation of Czech data in Prague dependency treebank)
Nedoluzhko, Anna ; Uličný, Oldřich (advisor) ; Hajičová, Eva (referee) ; Oliva, Karel (referee)
The dissertation presents one of the possible models of processmg extended textual coreference and bridging anaphora in a large textual corpora, which we then use for annotation of certain relations in texts of the Prague Oependency Treebank (POT). Based, on the one hand, on the literature concerning the theory of reference, discource and some findings of theoretical linguistics, and, on the other hand, using the existing methodology of annotations, we created a detailed classification of textual coreferential relations and types of bridging anaphora. Within textual coreference, we distinguish between two types of textual coreferential relations - coreferential relations between noun phrases with specific reference and coreferential relation between noun phrases with non-specific, primarily generic, reference. We determined six types of relations for bridging anaphora: relation PART- between part and whole; relation SUBSET - between a set and a subset or element of a set; FUNCT - between an object and a unique function on that entity; CONTRAST- between semantíc and contextual opposites; relation ANAF of anaphorical referencing between noncoreferencial objects; REST- for other examples of bridging anaphora. One of the goals of the research is to create a system of theoretical principals that would be used...
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Formalization of the Czech morphology system with respect to automatic processing of Czech texts
Hlaváčová, Jaroslava ; Petkevič, Vladimír (advisor) ; Oliva, Karel (referee) ; Osolsobě, Klára (referee)
Detailed morphological description of word forms represents one of the most important conditions of a successful automatic processing of linguistic data. The system of categories and their values which are used for the description are the subject of the rst part of the thesis. The basic principle, so-called Golden rule of morphology, states that every word form has to be described by the system unambiguously. The existence of variants of word forms and whole paradigms, however, complicates the accomplishment of this rule.We introduce so called mutations as an extension of the variants to be able to include other sets of word forms with the same description (for instance multiple word forms of Czech personal pronouns). We divide mutations into two parts global ones describing all word forms of a paradigm, and in ectional ones for the description on the word form level. This division enables us to express their various combinations. We do not use features of style for the mutation division, for they are subjective. With a consistent use of the categories called In ectional Mutation and Global Mutation, the Golden rule of morphology will always be valid. The concept of multiple lemma is introduced in a chapter dealing with lemmatization. It describes lemma variants. We give a detailed description of so-called...
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