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Impersonalization strategies in English, French and Czech: the translation counterparts of the French pronoun "on"
Machová, Eva ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The subject of this bachelor thesis is the analysis of the character of the general human agent, in English and Czech. The thesis analyses English and Czech translation counterparts of the pronoun on which serves as a marker of the general human agency in French. This pronoun has numerous functions but our thesis will study only its generic use. Nor English, neither Czech has a direct translation equivalent of on so they use divergent language means with different primary functions. These language means can be explicit or implicit and they had been analysed in studies of Dušková (1999), Tláskal (2004), Čermák (2010) or Železná (2011). This bachelor thesis studies the character of the individual translation counterparts in both languages and how was their choice influenced by the features of the French text. The analysis was based on the material from 4 French novels and their translations to English and Czech. 25 random examples were excerpted from each novel and these were studied together with their translations. The resulting translation counterparts of on are analysed separately in English and Czech. They are classified by the type of reference and if they are congruent or divergent means of translating on. The final analysis studies the most frequent counterparts of on which show similar...
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Quantity partition of noncount nouns expressed by partitive constructions
Divišová, Klára ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Vašků, Kateřina (referee)
The thesis explores the category of countability, with the main focus being on noncount nouns. The aim is to describe lexical means that enable noncount nouns to have count usage. The theoretical part firstly distinguishes count nouns from noncount nouns on the basis of their linguistic (i.e. grammatical, formal and semantic) features. Further, it delineates in more detail the means through which noncount nouns acquire the count usage; the most space is given to defining partitive constructions, their types, and possible vagueness. The practical part consists of an analysis of twelve selected noncount nouns and their respective partitives. The data are extracted from the British National Corpus (BNC). The partitives are divided according to their type and the thesis gives a quantitative, as well as a semantic classification of these partitives for each of the selected noncount nouns. The adjective modification of the noncount nouns is also partially studied.
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A corpus stylistic perspective on Lewis Carroll's "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"
Hrdličková, Jana ; Čermáková, Anna (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
The goal of the present thesis is a corpus stylistic analysis of Alice in Wonderland (1865), and it presents the possibilities of using corpus methods in the study of literary texts. In the theoretical part, the thesis is concerned with an explanation of the words norm, foregrounding, deviance and prominence (Leech, 2008), which are key terms in stylistics. The text then focuses in detail on various concerns connected to keywords and clusters, which are investigated later on in the theoretical part. The relation of keywords to the reference corpus and aspects of the length and frequency of occurrence of clusters are analyzed. An important element in a corpus-based analysis is that it is supposed to decrease bias, as the researcher studies statistically based significant markers of the text. The next part of the thesis focuses on the position of Alice in Wonderland between other members of the children's literature of the Golden Age (Knowles & Malmkjaer, 1995), and the role of nonsense and non-observance of pragmatic principles of interaction in the text. The reference corpora are described and primary hypotheses stated. In the practical part, keywords are studied first. They are divided into part of speech categories and interpreted from the point of view of their role and mutual relations in the text....
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Vagueness in English university Arts and Humanities lectures
Podsedníková, Andrea ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The present thesis focuses on the classification and description of individual groups of vague language devices. Furthermore, it describes the differences between the written and spoken academic register and the various functions of language in academic lectures. The material for the analysis is drawn from the British Academic Spoken English (BASE) corpus. The first section of the analysis is based on six excerpts from Arts and Humanities lectures, each 2000 words long. The vague language devices in the excerpts are analysed and classified into the groups described in the theoretical part of the thesis. The functions of the individual groups and the reasons why the occurrence of some of the groups is prominent in different parts of lectures are analysed. The second analysis describes three word classes with the highest occurrence in the previous research. This analysis is based on all Arts and Humanities lectures in the BASE corpus. It describes the most frequent collocations and the immediate surroundings of the words examined. Key words: vagueness, university lectures, functions of language
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The noun phrase in written and spoken academic discourse
Sládečka, Dušan ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The diploma thesis is concerned with exploring the differences between the noun phrases in written and spoken academic monologue, focussing on the length of the phrase, its internal complexity and syntactic functions. In the theoretical part of the study, the noun phrase, its constituents, structure and usage are introduced. The noun phrase is introduced as one of the means of complex condensation. The basic characteristics of written and spoken academic language are introduced as well. The practical part of the study is a detailed analysis of 210 noun phrases. The written sample is collected from selected academic articles, whereas the sample of spoken lecture is collected from the lecture database of the BASE corpus. Since the study focuses on two different forms of language, the material is analysed for each of them separately and the results are subsequently compared in the final part of each subsection. The hypothesis of the thesis is that the written sample contains noun phrases with more complex modification, whereas the spoken sample contains more simple noun phrases and more clausal modification. The hypothesis was, for the most part, confirmed.
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Reporting clauses in Czech and in English
Sedláček, Miroslav ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
This diploma thesis presents a contrastive description of reporting clauses in present-day original Czech and American fiction (published and awarded in 2010-2015). The examined reported clauses are limited to direct speech marked with a conventional means of punctuation. Based on six samples of fiction, three American ones and three Czech ones, this thesis examines reporting verbs, their diversity, the nature of the subject of reporting clauses, modification by adjuncts, the presence of an object expressing the addressee and the position of reporting clauses with respect to their reported clauses. It also scrutinizes the instances of leaving the reporting clause unexpressed and of certain transient forms. The ascertained values are then compared with a translatology paper on the same topic. The findings of this thesis confirm that while Czech reporting clauses strive for diversity by a number of means, English reporting clauses strive for inconspicuousness. This thesis attempts to contribute to a better understanding of reporting clauses. The outlined findings may be helpful especially to translators and fiction writers. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Discourse Connectives in Czech.(From Centre to Periphery)
Rysová, Magdaléna ; Hajičová, Eva (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee) ; Tárnyiková, Jarmila (referee)
Magdaléna Rysová Discourse Connectives in Czech (From Centre to Periphery) Abstract The thesis focuses on description and analysis of discourse connectives in Czech in broader sense, i.e. by which language means it is possible to express sense relation within a text. The thesis is not limited to any parts of speech (like conjunctions or structuring particles) but it tries to find and describe all language means in Czech with the ability to connect two pieces or units of a text into one coherent complex. The thesis investigates discourse connectives in Czech with respect to the so called secondary connectives (i.e. mainly multiword phrases like to je důvod, proč - that is the reason why; kvůli těmto skutečnostem - due to these facts etc., in opposition to primary connectives like však - however, nebo - or, a - and, ale - but, proto - therefore etc.). Discourse connectives are (in general terms) understood as language expressions that signal semantico-pragmatic relations within a text. However, there are many theories that significantly differ in the concrete description of these expressions. Therefore, there is not a generally accepted and universal definition of discourse connectives and their description and characteristics is still a matter of linguistic discussion. The aim of this thesis is to contribute...
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Translated Czech and Its Characteristics
Chlumská, Lucie ; Cvrček, Václav (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee) ; Bermel, Neil Halford Andrew (referee)
Title: Translated Czech and Its Characteristics Author: Mgr. Lucie Chlumská Department: Institute of the Czech National Corpus Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Václav Cvrček, Ph.D. Abstract: Despite the fact that translated literature accounts for more than one third of all written publications in the Czech Republic, Czech in translations has not yet been systematically analyzed from a quantitative point of view. The main objective of this corpus-based dissertation is to identify characteristic features of translated Czech com- pared to Czech in original, i.e. non-translated texts. The analysis was based on a large monolingual comparable corpus Jerome, created for the purposes of this study. It inclu- des both fiction and non-fiction texts and its design reflects the real Czech situation regarding the translations' source languages, i.e. translations from English prevail. The research was inspired by the theory of translation universals (typical linguistic featu- res common to any translated text) and focused mainly on simplification, convergence and general frequency characteristics, including parts-of-speech distribution and n-gram analysis. The findings have supported the hypothesis that translated Czech, as reflected in the Jerome corpus, is different from the non-translated Czech in terms of higher degree of...
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Destiny of French as a Language of Diplomacy: Situation in the Czech Republic
Malá, Markéta ; Klinka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Listíková, Renáta (referee)
The Diploma thesis deals with the current status of French as a language of diplomacy and with the role and the position of French in the Czech Republic. The goal of the theoretical part is to define the term diplomacy, to summarize significant periods of French language in the history of diplomacy, to deal with the factors which influence language status and to observe competitors of French. It focuses on six selected languages: English, Spanish, Russian, German, Arabic and Chinese. It is trying to show the particularities of French as a diplomatic language. In the practical part, its goal is firstly to outline diplomatic organizations in our country and to describe their function. On the basis of the latest statistics and other collected data by means of interviews, the thesis illustrates the changes which can be traced in the language recently. Concerning the Czech Republic, it shows the changes caused by the accession to the EU and by the introduction of the CEFRL. In the end, it suggests three possible hypotheses of subsequent development of the French language in the world. KEYWORDS French language, status, diplomacy, global language, evolution, competitors, diplomatic organizations, language education
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