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Detekce variability DNA ve vybrané kolekci ostropestřce mariánského (Silybum marianum L.)
Kratochvílová, Tereza
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) is a promising crop with a wide range of practical applications. It is the only source of the flavonolignan silymarin, which has a positive impact on the health of both humans and animals. Although it is particularly significant as a medicinal plant due to its beneficial effect on liver parenchyma, its genetic diversity has not been thoroughly explored. The study of variability is fundamental for optimizing agricultural production of this crop, clarifying correlations between genome architecture and flavonolignan content, breeding, or categorizing gene sources. This study evaluates the variability of a selected collection of milk thistle using iPBS primers and sequencing analysis of trnC-F and psbA-trnH regions in cpDNA. Knowledge of these sequences can be further utilized, for example, in phylogenetic analyses, diversity studies, and hybridization methods. The study of genetic variability at the molecular level provides important insights for the ideal cultivation or breeding of milk thistle.
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Macrophages and nitric oxide in leishmania - sandfly - host interactions
Kratochvílová, Tereza ; Kolářová, Iva (advisor) ; Fialová, Anna (referee)
Leishmania reside fagolysosome of macrophages immediately after their entry to host where they multiply and consequently infect other macrophages or eventually other cells. A synthesis of a reactive reactant of oxygen and nitrogen is one of the mechanisms that some mammal cells are equipped with and that also contributes to eradication of leishmania. Nitric oxide rising during a metabolic change of L-arginine under the catalysis of NO synthase is of a large importance. Beyond cytotoxic function, nitric oxide is involved in signalling pathways for a neurotransmission (nNOS) and vasorelaxation (eNOS). Not all types of macrophages have ability to produce NO (iNOS). It is a heterogeneous group differing in immunological function and also in physiology. A group of classical activated macrophages represents an effective APC capable of efficient killing of intracellular pathogens. In addition to NO, they also secrete an inflammatory cytokines, which evolve an immune reaction towards to Th1. Contrary to this, a group of alternative activated macrophages is not capable of any efficient antigen presentation and nitric oxide production but produces L-ornithine, which is a precursor of polyamines, which leishmania utilizes for its own intracellular growth. For the mouse model, status of resistance and/or...
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Macrophages in leishmania - sand fly - host interaction
Kratochvílová, Tereza ; Kolářová, Iva (advisor) ; Fialová, Anna (referee)
Sand flies (order Diptera) are vectors of Leishmania parasites (Trypanosomatida), which are inoculated into the host skin together with the vector saliva. Sand fly saliva plays the important role in the Leishmania transmission; in naive host it supresses the host immune response assisting Leishmania to establish the infection, while in repeatedly bitten host it elicits a protective immune response. The submitted thesis focuses on the effect of sand fly saliva on macrophages, the key cells in the infection control. In the first part of the thesis we established a laboratory model L. major - P. papatasi - Balb/c to describe the protective effect of saliva immunization on Leishmania infection development. Immunized mice were protected against Leishmania infection which was reflected in the ear lesion size, parasite load in the ear dermis and draining lymph nodes but also in cytokine production. On the contrary, produced lower amount of nitric oxide, while arginase activity was comparable with nonimmunized group. The IgG antibodies against saliva served as a marker of exposure to sandflies while IgG antibodies against Leishmania antigens served as a marker of infection severity. The experiments were aimed on the possibility of cross-protectivity in Balb/c mice against L. major between closely related...
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Describing of needs of mental patients by CAN-C
Kratochvílová, Tereza ; Junková, Vendula (advisor) ; Loneková, Katarína (referee)
In this dissertation we deal with needs of mental patients with psychotic disorder diagnose especially schizophrenia. Because of this we have chosen the CAN - C Test / Camberwell Assessment of Need / which was developed by King's College London - Institute of Psychiatry. The CAN Test describes medical and social needs of mental patients and gives a notice about sphere in which the care or therapy can help. The six months research has been in progres in the psychiatric department of Litoměřice hospital and 40 patients have been examinated. The attending physician's view has been described in the same way. Generally we have compared the way how patients feel their needs and the way of attending physicians. Research proved high correlation between these two groups and it confirmed our hypothesis about the necessity of psychological and psychotherapeutic help especially for these patients.
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Adolescents´ risk behavior in connection with their sport activity
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Tereza
The bachelor thesis deals with adolescent risky behaviour in connection with their sports activity. The theoretical part explains the concept of adolescence and risky behaviour. It also deals with the causes and manifestations of such behaviour. Moreover, this section contains a review of the history of sport and view of its current status in the context of the youth of today. In the empirical part the results of the questionnaire are presented and the lifestyle of athletic and non-athletic adolescents is evaluated. One of the important findings of the thesis was the lack of preventive programmes on risky behaviour in schools.
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Social psychology of Nazism; the law in the "Third Empire"
Kratochvílová, Tereza ; Kosek, Jan (advisor) ; Agha, Petr (referee)
Social Psychology of Nazism; Law in the Third Reich This thesis deals with two essential aspects of the former Nazi Third Reich (1933-1945) - the law and social psychology such as conformism and authority. The aim of this thesis is to analyse and evaluate this problematic with a closer focus on a certain part of these two topics. The first part focuses on the basic terms and general context. There are described definitions of totalitarianism and Nazism in Germany and the history from the Weimar Republic to the end of the Third Reich. There is also chapter describing the role of propaganda in Nazi Germany, which was precisely managed and strongly influenced the German population. The second part of the text deals with Nazi law, old and new sources of law and especially well-known Nuremberg Laws, which are analysed in detail. Part of this chapter is focused on the comparison of Czech law and the law in the Third Reich, respectively whether and how is protected the state against undemocratic forms of government and this kind of political parties. The last part is focused on social psychology (selected phenomenon) which played an important role in the Third Reich - the conformism and authority. Emphasis was placed on practical experiments and concrete examples of these phenomena in Germany. Topic of this thesis...
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Cochlear implant by adult
Kratochvílová, Tereza ; Hádková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Durdilová, Lucie (referee)
Bachelor thesis "The cochlear implant in an adult deaf" deals primarily with the cochlear implant. The most extensive part of the thesis talks about this topic, which also talks about the development and design of cochlear implants, explains the difference between cochlear implantation and tribal implantation and describes operation of implant and the subsequent setting of the implant. This section is also dedicated to binaural cochlear implantation, myths of cochlear implants and problems which are implanted meet. Bachelor thesis further defines an adult age and acquaints with the problems that loss of hearing in adulthood brings, suggests the possibilities of communication with a deaf person and mobility aids, which cochlear implant users use. The aim of this thesis is to map the level of hearing by adult with cochlear implant and the findings of the current problems by adult users of cochlear implants by questionnaire and interview.
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