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Do we have too many university graduates? What lifetime earnings profiles can tell us
Hrendash, Taras ; Jurajda, Štěpán ; Münich, Daniel ; Doleželová, P. ; Mrázek, P.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Czech Republic has experienced dynamic growth in its university-educated workforce. This trend was initially driven by the foundation and growth of private universities in the Czech Republic in the late 1990s, followed from 2005 onwards by a substantial opening-up of public universities. The share of the population aged between 30 and 34 with higher education has more than doubled over the course of three decades. From an economic perspective, do we now have too many university graduates in the Czech Republic? The answer to this question is crucial when it comes to deciding the extent to which the state should – financially or otherwise – support future growth in the numbers of university students and graduates, and how much it should encourage citizens to pursue initial or lifelong university education. The answer is also an important factor in debates about the need to increase the currently low financial support available to university students. The study we present here provides descriptive statistics about employees’ wages and salaries, which serve as a useful basis for any discussion of this important question. We compare trends in university-educated employees’ wages and salaries for cohorts born in 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990. The shares of university graduates in these cohorts differ substantially. Further, we observe trends in the earnings ratio for these cohorts between university- and secondary-educated employees, i.e., the percentage differences between the mean or median earnings of employees with higher education and those of employees with only secondary education.
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Czech kurzarbeit: evidence from the first pandemic wave
Jurajda, Štěpán ; Doleželová, P.
We describe the firm-type structure of the use of the main Czech kurzarbeit program (called Antivirus B) during the spring 2020 pandemic wave. Evidence based on the Structure of Earnings Survey shows large participation gaps in favor of large employers, and disproportionately high intensity of use of the program by manufacturing companies, in particular those exhibiting a declining wage bill already prior to the pandemic. Compared to other industries, manufacturing is thus able to ‘cover’ by kurzarbeit support the largest share of the decline in hours worked between the 2nd quarters of 2019 and 2020, with the exception of the hospitality and culture industries, which were directly affected by pandemic measures, such as restaurant closures.
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Vliv ročního období na tržní produkci sýrárny zpracovávající kravské mléko
Doleželová, Petra
In this graduation thesis, I have investigated the influence of the season on market production dairies. he aim of the work is divided into the following sub-goals: the influence of season on the reception of milk to the dairy, protein content in milk, yield milk and ferment aktivity. The dairy, which I described handles mainly on cow's milk for cheese Niva, curd and cream. Milk came from 8 surrounding farms, which breeding only the Czech Pied cattle. Monitoring was carried out for a period of one year starting from November 2014 to October 2015. I found that most milk was bought from suppliers in summer and least in the winter months. The milk protein content was highest in winter and lowest in summer. While the amount of milk purchased was constant, the price per liter of milk has a tendency of decreasing (from CZK 9.05 to 7.48), and thus the costs of buying milk lower, while revenues are constant. Milk yield ranged from 7.43 liters of milk / kg of cheese (in October) to 8.42 l / kg cheese (in February).
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Principy prodlužování trvanlivosti masných výrobků
Doleželová, Pavla
Meat is spoil food which for centuries people processed meat products using preser-ving methods which my bachelor thesis deals. Another point of this work is the compo-sition of meat Preserving meat is divided into four basic types and further divided by the way it is due to preservation. There are described: smoking, drying, salting, cooling, freezing, baking, cooking, fermentation their principles. What is important is the con-nection with the preservation of meat products of quality with must comply with these standards. The quality is closely linked to production hygiene of meat products and me-at processing plants. For this reason, there is mentioned legislation that deals with this topic. The next section deals with defects in their description of meat products.
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Technologie výroby a porovnání jakostních parametrů Špekáčků v závislosti na obsahu soli
Doleželová, Pavla
The diploma thesis deals with the production of Špekáček, which belong to small meat products according to legislation. The theoretical part summarizes the distribution of meat products according to the valid legislation, the description of individual technological steps in the production of meat products, and also a detailed description of the individual raw materials in production. This is followed by a chapter on Špekáček, their requirements according to legislation, production and their possible defects. In the practical part are evaluated chemical parameters of 4 batches with different salt contents (1.4 %, 1.6 %, 1.8 %, 2.0 %), their texture and evaluation by sensory analysis. The results were very good for all groups and met our expectations.
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Statistická analýza hodnocení reklamy spotřebiteli
Doleželová, Petra
The thesis is about advertising process taken as the most important part of all market communication i.e. the communication of an advertiser with consumers and its predominant role in the contemporary market world as a whole. First, in the course of literature sources search the theoretical background topics dealing with market communication, the process of advertising itself and, finally, the interaction between advertisement product and consumer are defined. The empirical part is based on the marketing data search carried out by Focus CZ Marketing and IT Research Ltd. advertising agency operating in the South Moravian region, which best reflects the evaluations, opinions and attitudes of consumers regarding specifically the advertising methods. The results are then processed statistically and interpreted using the results of advertisement success polls and put it into functional correlation with general statistical analysis.
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Vybrané vlivy působící na tržní produkci mléka dojnicemi českého strakatého plemene skotu
Doleželová, Petra
In my bachelor work I was observing how do the particular representative impacts affect the market production of milk. The representative impacts were: feeding dose, the way of stabling, interlude, the season of the year, the order and the stage of lactation. The observation kept place in the company AGRIS Jedovnice s.r.o., where there is the breed of milk cows of Czech Pied cattle. According to my observation the most noticeable impact on the market production of milk from milk cows has got the feeding dose which is quantified on the basis of individual needs of each milk cow. Together with this impact the way of stabling is closely connected.. The change of binded way of stabling brought important increase of production of milk and together with it the increase of takings for it. Another important impact affecting the takings for milk is the order and the phase of lactation. At this point I was observing the changes between the first and the fifth phase of lactation. I can state, that the highest difference in the takings is between the first and the rest (the second up to the fifth) lactation. In my work the impact of interlude is evaluated, which affects the market production of milk from the insignificant part. At minimum the takings for milk are affected by the season of the year. In this case I have monitored the impact on the parts of milk which affect its price. The comparison of the prices within fifteen years was also interesting. It is unbelievable that in 1998 in this observed company the average buying price for milk was higher than in 2013.
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