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Genetic factors of familial hyperlipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Todorovová, Veronika ; Češka, Richard (advisor) ; Blaha, Vladimír (referee) ; Karásek, David (referee)
Familial hyperlipidemias are still a current cause of premature development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Heredity plays an important role in the development of these diseases. Genetic testing helps to specify a definite variant of a given disease and thus the degree of genetic family burden. Together with the clinical examination, it defines the exact diagnosis of the patient and reduces the risk of developing ASCVD in individual specialized care. In the theses, we focused on biochemical and genetic differences and their risk factors for the development of ASCVD in long-term monitored patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), in receptor-mediated FH and familial defect of apolipoprotein B- 100 (FDB). Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of therapy were evaluated in a subgroup of FH patients with PCSK9i therapy. Furthermore, the polygenic genetic risk score (GRS) in patients with the APOE2E2 genotype and its influence on the early detection of the development of familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (FD) were analyzed. Receptor-mediated FH patients carry a mutation in LDLR while FDB patients have a prevalent mutation in APOB. LDL-C and TC levels are high in both groups, although levels are slightly higher in receptor-mediated FH patients. APOE genotype and risk factors such as...
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Tissue and soluble endoglin relation to the endothelial dysfunction and possible treatment
Blažíčková, Kateřina ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Blaha, Vladimír (referee) ; Mičuda, Stanislav (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Msc. Katerina Blazickova Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Tissue and soluble endoglin relation to the endothelial dysfunction and possible treatment Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease and it represents a major source of morbidity and mortality in the world as a part of cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction represents the first step in the development of atherosclerosis and it is characterized by disruption of endothelial homeostasis. Statins are drugs of choice in the treatment of atherosclerosis and they can decrease LDL cholesterol levels and positively affect levels of HDL cholesterol. Statins, however have a wide range of other effects, which are referred to non-lipid or pleotropic effects. The most important non-lipid effects of statins are lipid- independent modulation of endothelial function, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombogenic and antiproliferative effects. The most widely used animal model for the study of atherosclerosis is the mouse model. Thanks to a high fat diet and genetic modification, we are able to modify lipid profile in mice and induce atherosclerotic changes even at...
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Significance of Assessment of Glycemic Index of Foods in the Treatment of Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Víšek, Jakub ; Rušavý, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Rosolová, Hana (referee) ; Blaha, Vladimír (referee) ; Prázný, Martin (referee)
OBJECTIVE - The aim of this study was to compare the impact effectiveness of a diet with a low glycemic index versus a common diabetic diet in selected metabolic and anthropometric parameters. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - 20 volunteers with the type 2 diabetes treated only with metformin were randomly split into two groups. Each group was advised to follow a common diabetic diet (DD) or a diet with a low glycemic index (GI) for a period of 3 months in a crossover design. The effectiveness of the two diets was evaluated according to the selected metabolic and anthropometric parameters using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp with endogenous glucose production measurement, indirect calorimetry and bioimpedance analysis. RESULTS - Body weight after 3 months following DD was 93kg (83-104) vs. GI 92kg (85- 104) p<0.05, BMI DD 31.3 kg/m2 (27.5-35.9) vs. GI 30.7 kg/m2 (27-35.3) p<0.05, body fat DD 28% (25.5-43) vs. GI 27% (23-43) p<0.05. The diets did not differ in effects on glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, lipid profile, insulin sensitivity or hepatic glucose production. CONCLUSIONS - In comparison with a common diabetic diet, the diet with low GI leads to a slight weight loss, as well as the BMI and body fat reduction. No significant differences regarding glycemic control, lipid profile, insulin...
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Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 in Geriatric Diabetic Patients
Fortunato, Joao ; Blaha, Vladimír (advisor) ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee) ; Soška, Vladimír (referee)
v anglickém jazyce Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an extracellular Ca2+- independent 45 KDa secreted enzyme formed by 441 amino acids. It circulates in plasma in the active form and is encoded in the PLA2G7 gene located on chromosome 6p12-21.1. Lp-PLA2 hydrolyzes several types of short-chain and oxidized phospholipids that harbor acyl groups at the second position of the glycerol backbone. It is mostly bound to low density liproprotein (LDL) particles and it is thought to play a role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Indeed, multiple studies propose that elevated mass concentration and/or activity of Lp-PLA2 is an independent risk factor for the development or recurrence of CVDs. We performed a cross-sectional analysis on 44 geriatric patients aged 79.6 ± 5.6 years that had undergone transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) or ballon valvuloplasty (BV) for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis. Lp-PLA2 mass concentration was already increased in elderly patients before TAVI or BV and significantly increased after the procedures. We found strong correlations with LDL concentration (LDL-C), total cholesterol and triglycerides. Baseline Lp-PLA2 mass concentration was increased in diabetic patients comparing to non-diabetic patients. We then discuss and...
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Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 in Geriatric Diabetic Patients
Fortunato, Joao ; Blaha, Vladimír (advisor) ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee) ; Soška, Vladimír (referee)
v anglickém jazyce Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an extracellular Ca2+- independent 45 KDa secreted enzyme formed by 441 amino acids. It circulates in plasma in the active form and is encoded in the PLA2G7 gene located on chromosome 6p12-21.1. Lp-PLA2 hydrolyzes several types of short-chain and oxidized phospholipids that harbor acyl groups at the second position of the glycerol backbone. It is mostly bound to low density liproprotein (LDL) particles and it is thought to play a role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Indeed, multiple studies propose that elevated mass concentration and/or activity of Lp-PLA2 is an independent risk factor for the development or recurrence of CVDs. We performed a cross-sectional analysis on 44 geriatric patients aged 79.6 ± 5.6 years that had undergone transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) or ballon valvuloplasty (BV) for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis. Lp-PLA2 mass concentration was already increased in elderly patients before TAVI or BV and significantly increased after the procedures. We found strong correlations with LDL concentration (LDL-C), total cholesterol and triglycerides. Baseline Lp-PLA2 mass concentration was increased in diabetic patients comparing to non-diabetic patients. We then discuss and...
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Tissue and soluble endoglin relation to the endothelial dysfunction and possible treatment
Blažíčková, Kateřina ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Blaha, Vladimír (referee) ; Mičuda, Stanislav (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Msc. Katerina Blazickova Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Tissue and soluble endoglin relation to the endothelial dysfunction and possible treatment Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease and it represents a major source of morbidity and mortality in the world as a part of cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction represents the first step in the development of atherosclerosis and it is characterized by disruption of endothelial homeostasis. Statins are drugs of choice in the treatment of atherosclerosis and they can decrease LDL cholesterol levels and positively affect levels of HDL cholesterol. Statins, however have a wide range of other effects, which are referred to non-lipid or pleotropic effects. The most important non-lipid effects of statins are lipid- independent modulation of endothelial function, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombogenic and antiproliferative effects. The most widely used animal model for the study of atherosclerosis is the mouse model. Thanks to a high fat diet and genetic modification, we are able to modify lipid profile in mice and induce atherosclerotic changes even at...
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Eating habits of the nurses in shifts operation
Štěpinová, Pavla ; Kholová, Petra (advisor) ; Bláha, Vladimír (referee)
The aim of the bachelo's thesis was to get an overview of the eating habits of the nurses in shifts operation. In the practical part deals with topics of subjects healthy food, stress, nursing work of environment, burnout syndrome. The empirici part of the work was carried out of a in the form questionnaires surfy on based on an anonymous questionnaire.The questionnaire surfy was conducted at the Hradec Králové University hospital in standart types department and intencive care unit and nurses were approached. The results were processed using graphs and tables. And tables using the decriptive statistics method. The result is BMI findings in borderline and overweight values, focusing nurses on eating mostly Czech cuisines, and only half of their nurses able to consume 500g of vegetables and fruits a day. It was also found that nurses adhere to the drinking regime and drink mostly water. Health care gens are trying to care for their eating habits. Keys words Eating habits - nurses - stress - healthy food - nutrition
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The drinking regime among the paramedic staff
Štěpinová, Lenka ; Kholová, Petra (advisor) ; Bláha, Vladimír (referee)
v anglickém jazyce This bachelor thesis is focused the drinking regime among the paramedical staff on selected wards. The aim of this thesis was to analyse their drinking regime among on shift operation. The theoretical part contains general informatik about water, the water in the human body, drinking regime, the drinking regime rules, types liqiuds, minerals and complication drinking regime. Empirical part was approached by anonymous questionnaire. Approached by the paramedical staff on one - shift and three - shift operation. Research was carried out in faculty hospitál in Hradec králové. This data has been processed using descriptive statistics and for the sake of clarity have been presented using graphs and tables. The results showed that the health regime did not couly with the drinking regime, even though the new chat to do. Futher, research shows that the drink more table water and tap water than mineral water. Health care providers do not have coffee or tea drink regime. Alcohol drinks occasionally. As shown in the surfy, the shift operation affects the drinking regime. Keywords: drinking regime - the paramedic staff - water - dehydration
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