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Nutritional interventions as a prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers in geriatric clients living in social services facilities
Králová, Kateřina ; Vágnerová, Tereza (advisor) ; Šišková, Ivana (referee)
Nutritional interventions as a prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers in geriatric clients living in social services facilities Introduction: Pressure ulcers are chronic wounds caused by pressure and friction. This is localized area of cell damage caused by a microcirculation disorder. Prevention is essential especially for immobile clients who are easily creating and developing these chronic wounds. Clinical practice shows that client positioning, use of anti-decubital aids and good nutritional support is necessary. It is important to increase the supply of individual nutrients, especially proteins, and monitor their sufficiency for treatment and prevention. The theoretical part of this diploma thesis was devoted to the etiopathogenesis, classification, prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers especially in terms of nutrition. The empirical part was focused on the examination of the nutritional status of clients with pressure ulcers (using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form questionnaire) and the concretization of the nutritional needs and the real balance of the clients with newly established pressure ulcers at the beginning and after three months of nursing. Objectives: The main objective of this thesis was to map, how many of institutionalized clients with pressure ulcers had sufficient...
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Diet system from the perspective of macronutrients and micronutrients
Kočí, Kateřina ; Šišková, Ivana (advisor) ; Starnovská, Tamara (referee)
The aim of the thesis: The aim of this observational study of non-interventional nature, was to map the representation of macronutrients and selected micronutrients in the menus served to patients suffering of gastritis as well as other nutrition diets. Additionally, to research and review the dietary systems in healthcare facilities of the Czech Republic, in order to compare the obtained data with recommended nutritional intakes, as recommended/stated in the issue "Reference Values for Nutrition Intake". The purpose is to evaluate, whether both types of the diets follow the recommended values. Methodology: The source of the data for this thesis were the menus distributed to patients following the recommendations of norms related to gastritis and rational nutrition diets for the period of one week. By applying the "Nutriservis PROFESIONAL software" the content of studied macronutrients and selected micronutrients in the daily menus was determined in the collected data. Results: Ten selected healthcare facilities from six regions in the Czech Republic participated in the research. It was determined from the obtained data, that insufficient presence of fiber, wrong balance, as well as the amount of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids along with high amount of sodium were the key malpractices,...
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The role of a diet in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and evaluation of eating habits of patients with heart attack
Jakešová, Andrea ; Tůmová, Eva (advisor) ; Šišková, Ivana (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The theoretical part describes basic knowledge about cardiovascular diseases, prevalence, risk factors and the importance of nutrition in their prevention and treatment. The theoretical part describes in detail the effect of intake of carbohydrates, fiber, describes the role of glycemic index of foods, fat intake and their chemical composition, minerals, alcohol and coffee. One part of the theoretical part also describes the role of nutrition in the treatment. The research part is devoted to the dietary habits of patients who have already had an acute myocardial infarction. The aim of the research is to find out whether patients follow current recommendations for the prevention and treatment of CVD, or how the actual diets of these patients differ from recommendations. The data were collected using a questionnaire filled in during interviews with selected patients. It was found out that patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction have insufficient knowledge to build a balanced diet, or that nutritional recommendations are consciously violated. Problematic is especially the choice of fats, the unbalanced composition of the diet, the frequent consumption of too fat and sweet...
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The importance of folic acid and ferum in pregnancy
Schrenková, Lenka ; Šišková, Ivana (advisor) ; Čermáková, Monika (referee)
V Abstract This bachelor thesis deals with value of folic acid in period of pregnancy. Thesis also aims at natural sources of folic acid and iron in food, risks in lack of these during pregnancy and following negative impacts on health of child and mother. In practical part are evaluated questionnaires of pregnant women about importance of folic acid and iron during pregnancy and also accessibility for these micronutrients in normal food. Key words: pregnancy, nutrition, folic acid, iron
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The need for nutritional intervention for patients after stroke
Šišková, Ivana ; Hlinovský, David (advisor) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee)
Need of nutritional intervention in patients after stroke Summary Aims: To identify how many patients after acute stroke have accurate oral intake of energy and proteins and how is this condition changed after one month of hospitalization. To evaluate the association between dysphagia and food intake. Methods: The evaluation was conducted by observations of food intake, eaten food records, calculating of energy and nutrients intake and comparing to needed energy (by Harris-Benedicts equation) and proteins. GUSS screening tool was used to evaluation of swallowing, ADL test for self-sufficiency assessment. Data included antropometrical indicators (weight, height, arm circumference) and nutritional screenings in Thomayer hospital in Prague. Results: Of the 35 patients, 54 % had adequate oral intake of energy and 23 % adequate intake of proteins in the first week after stroke. Adequate oral intake of energy was indicated in 66 % of patients and adequate intake of proteins in 11 % after one month of hospitalization. There were no significant improvements of oral energy intake (p=0,2891, α=0,05) or protein intake (p=0,1336, α=0,05) after one month of hospitalization. 84,4 % of patients suffered from dysphagia in first week after stroke and 60,6 % after one month of hospitalization. Correlation between inadequate...
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