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Distraint in the Czech Republic
Košťál, Daniel ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Malovaná, Simona (referee)
Property distraint is an issue that anyone can face at any point of their life. Despite minor efforts to amend the situation, the Czech Republic continuously sees yearly increases in distraint orders against individuals who default on their debt. This thesis investigates possible meso-level factors that could influence the number of these issued orders. Using data on the 76 state districts plus the capital city of Prague, the overall influence of criminal activity, unemployment and financial literacy is estimated. This is achieved by using the ordinary least squares regression, as well as two other unobserved effects models. The empirical evidence then hints at favorable properties of the random effects model. The results confirm the main hypotheses that crime and unemployment are risk factors for distraint, and that financial literacy helps reduce these risks. Auxiliary data also hints at a certain level of correlation between debt default and immigration, which is up for a further deeper analysis. Keywords Property distraint, crime, unemployment, over-indebtedness, financial literacy Author's email: dkostal@gmail.com Supervisor's email: cahlik@fsv.cuni.cz
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The Financial Secrecy Index: An Information Theory Approach
Galuszka, Lukáš ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Malovaná, Simona (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to evaluate alternative weighting systems to determine if they have the potential to improve the current weighting system of the Financial Secrecy Index (FSI). The FSI, a measure of countries' contributions to global financial secrecy, currently weights its 15 qualitative components equally. A web-based opinion survey conducted in January and February 2016 among academics, journalists, experts and other persons familiar with FSI serves as the baseline for assessing new weights. The new weights derived from the survey results are not significantly different from the equal weights in 14 out of 15 components. The survey results suggest that widely held opinion is consistent with equal weight assumptions. Statistical model selection criteria from information theory that penalize model complexity prefer in majority of cases the simple model over the more complex one even though more complex model provides better goodness-of-fit statistics. Alternative methods and analysis such as Principal Components Analysis is performed and discussed. The present work finds that, statistically, the weights should not diverge from the equal weighting system in use currently. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Equilibrium in the jungle
Havlena, Jiří ; Gregor, Martin (advisor) ; Malovaná, Simona (referee)
This bachelor thesis firstly introduces the jungle model, in which economic transactions are driven by coercion. The jungle is closely related to the model of exchange economy. The differences between both setups are discussed and consumption sets are introduced as additional constraint of agents in exchange economy. Following is the essential part of the thesis, discussing effects of these sets on welfare properties and competitive equilibria. The results suggest that consumption sets extend the set of Pareto efficient allocations in exchange economy. Analysis of competitive equilibria suggests interesting results about existence of non- efficient competitive equilibrium allocations.
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Economic Impact of Margaret Thatcher Revisited
Stuchlík, Jakub ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Malovaná, Simona (referee)
Forty years after Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister of the UK, her past actions and reforms remain highly polarizing and influential. Nevertheless, there is general agreement that her government was a game-changing one in many aspects. In this thesis we test whether and to what extent her deconstruction of the Post-war consensus affected the UK's economic performance. We apply the synthetic control method in order to observe the overall economic impact of Thatcher's policies. We find significant evidence that M. Thatcher exploited the output-inflation trade-off, and the decrease of inflation was very much at the costs of a significant increase of unemployment. We have calculated that in case of continuation of Post-war consensus policies the inflation would be on average approximately 2.2% higher and unemployment 2.8% lower in time period 1980-1990.
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The effect of higher capital requirements on bank lending: the capital surplus matters
Kolcunová, Dominika ; Malovaná, Simona
This paper studies the impact of higher additional capital requirements on growth in loans to the private sector for banks in the Czech Republic. The empirical results indicate that higher additional capital requirements have a negative effect on loan growth for banks with relatively low capital surpluses. In addition, the results confirm that the relationship between the capital surplus and loan growth is also important at times of stable capital requirements, i.e. it does not serve only as an intermediate channel of higher additional capital requirements.
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Does monetary policy influence banks’ perception of risks?
Malovaná, Simona ; Kolcunová, Dominika ; Brož, Václav
This paper studies the extent to which monetary policy may affect banks’ perception of credit risk and the way banks measure risk under the internal ratings-based approach. Specifically, we analyze the effect of different monetary policy indicators on banks’ risk weights for credit risk. We present robust evidence of the existence of the risk-taking channel in the Czech Republic. Further, we show that the recent prolonged period of accommodative monetary policy has been instrumental in establishing this relationship. Finally, we obtain comparable results by extending the analysis to cover all the Visegrad Four countries. The presented findings have important implications for the prudential authority, which should be aware of the possible side-effects of monetary policy on how banks measure risk.
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Banks’ capital surplus and the impact of additional capital requirements
Malovaná, Simona
Banks in the Czech Republic maintain their regulatory capital ratios well above the level required by their regulator. This paper discusses the main reasons for this capital surplus and analyses the impact of additional capital requirements stemming from capital buffers and Pillar 2 add-ons on the capital ratios of banks holding such extra capital. The results provide evidence that banks shrink their capital surplus in response to higher capital requirements. A substantial portion of this adjustment seems to be delivered through changes in average risk weights. For this and other reasons, it is desirable to regularly assess whether the evolution and current level of risk weights give rise to any risk of underestimating the necessary level of capital.
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Gender paradox of job satisfaction in the Czech Republic in European comparison
Sosnová, Kristýna ; Mysíková, Martina (advisor) ; Malovaná, Simona (referee)
The gender job satisfaction paradox is a phenomenon occurring when despite their disadvantaged labour market position, women consistently report higher levels of job satisfaction than men. This thesis aims to verify the presence of a gender paradox of job satisfaction, analyze the labor conditions and job per- ceptions of workers in the Czech Republic to provide employers a sense of job aspects making male and female workers more productive, motivated and satis- fied. The study uses sub-sample of employees from International Social Survey Programme data from 2015. The study applies four regression models to reveal the relationship between job satisfaction and gender, other socio-demographic factors and various work aspects. The outcomes revealed some significant dif- ferences between males and females, specifically discrimination based on sex or disadvantage of women regarding income and access to leading positions. De- spite the theory of gender paradox, predicting women to be more satisfied at work than men, the analysis showed the opposite. This study discovered, that the most relevant aspects of work, that affect the overall job satisfaction are relations with co-workers and management, interesting job, independence at work and specifically for men having subordinate(s), working on weekends,...
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Economic Impact of Margaret Thatcher Revisited
Stuchlík, Jakub ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Malovaná, Simona (referee)
Forty years after Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister of the UK, her past actions and reforms remain highly polarizing and influential. Nevertheless, there is general agreement that her government was a game-changing one in many aspects. In this thesis we test whether and to what extent her deconstruction of the Post-war consensus affected the UK's economic performance. We apply the synthetic control method in order to observe the overall economic impact of Thatcher's policies. We find significant evidence that M. Thatcher exploited the output-inflation trade-off, and the decrease of inflation was very much at the costs of a significant increase of unemployment. We have calculated that in case of continuation of Post-war consensus policies the inflation would be on average approximately 2.2% higher and unemployment 2.8% lower in time period 1980-1990.
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Monetary Policy, Macroprudential Policy and Financial Stabiliy in the Post-Crisis Framework
Malovaná, Simona ; Holub, Tomáš (advisor) ; Teplý, Petr (referee) ; Juselius, John Mikael (referee) ; Šaroch, Stanislav (referee)
This dissertation consists of four empirical papers analysing and discussing central bank policies in the post-crisis period. After the global financial crisis central bankers and other regulators have faced many new challenges, including a prolonged period of acommodative monetary policy, side effects of monetary policy easing on financial stability and interaction of macroprudential, microprudential and monetary policy. On top of that, policy makers must deal with uncertainty surrounding the transmission and the effectiveness of newly introduced macroprudential measures. The empirical analyses focus primarily on the Czech Republic and its banking sector, with an exception of the first essay. Using data for the Czech Republic and five euro area countries, the first essay shows that monetary tightening has a negative impact on the credit-to-GDP ratio and banks' capital-to-asset ratio, while these effects have strengthened considerably since mid-2011. This supports the view that accommodative monetary policy contributes to a build- up of financial vulnerabilities, i.e. it boosts the credit cycle. The second essay assesses the transmission of higher additional capital requirements stemming from capital buffers and Pillar 2 add-ons on banks' capital ratio, capital surplus and implicit risk weights. The results...
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