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Two Sides of the Same Coin? A Comparative Analysis of Right-Wing Extremists and Jihadists
Herrmann, Tobias Erik Stefan ; Kocmanová, Markéta (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
This study investigates the radicalization pathways of German jihadist Denis Cuspert and Norwegian right-wing extremist Anders Breivik. The aim is to identify causal factors that could have initiated, promoted, or accelerated the respective radicalization process and to compare the radicalization pathways with each other in this regard. The purpose of this study is to better understand the complexity of a radicalization process in terms of causes, reasons, effects, and correlations in order to be able to respond to it adequately. Right-wing extremism and jihadism are current security threats to Western democracies and their societies. A comparison of jihadist and right-wing extremist radicalization processes helps design and further develop preventive and deradicalization measures. Essential causal factors that contributed to the radicalization process of Cuspert and Breivik are personal crises, rejection, the search for meaning and belonging, the desire for attention and recognition, interaction with like-minded people, psychological group processes, perceptions and narratives of deprivation and threat to one's social group, and foreign policy events. The cases differ concerning personal experiences and perceptions due to background of origin and, in particular, regarding the importance of the...
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Czech Militias: Motivations for Walking to the Edge
Kerhart, Miroslav ; Kocmanová, Markéta (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
A primary objective of this thesis is to identify, understand and explain motivations that lead individuals to join the National Militia. National Militia (Národní Domobrana) is a Czech paramilitary organisation that emerged in 2015 as a reaction to migration crisis and growing fear of "Islamisation". Shortly after its establishment, in July 2016, the organisation claimed to have over 2,500 members and began to regularly organise border patrols, military-like drills, but also political manifestations, openly criticising Czech foreign and domestic policies. Utilizing ethnographic methods of inquiry, the researcher conducted 11 semi-structured interviews with members of National Militia. In the subsequent analysis, the research identifies a set of push and pull factors as being most influential in individual's decision-making process, eventually being completed by a personal factor. Secondary findings identify also elementary demographical data, shared personality traits and militiamen mindset. From academical point of view, this study provides the reader with foundational data, necessary for further research, as the phenomenon is heavily understudied in Czech context. The specific contribution of the research resides not only in identifying the motivations, but also in offering the explanation for...
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EU-wide CVE Programmes: Exploring the Gap between Theory and Practice
Kaishauri, Giorgi ; Kocmanová, Markéta (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
Author: Giorgi Kaishauri Study programme: International Security Studies Master's thesis: EU-wide CVE Programs: Exploring the Gap between Theory and Practice Abstract The aim of this research was to determine congruence between the EU-initiated P/CVE program, CT MORSE, and prominent theoretical and empirical insights present in the academic literature on P/CVE. This research presents an exploratory qualitative study which employs a deductive approach to explore a potential gap between counter-radicalization theory and counter- radicalization practice as observed in a major EU project. The data collected and analyzed in this research suggests a partial correlation between academic insights and project's activities. Three out of eight determinants of effective P/CVE strategy discussed in the literature - community engagement, community resilience, and the role of women, are fully accounted for by the project, while the other three - dialogue, identity formation, and personnel expertise are partially present in the form of their constituting elements. Individual resilience and inclusion of former radicals receive neither implicit, nor explicit focus in the project's undertakings across the globe. Moreover, the data suggests that existing congruence is not completely arbitrary, however, a substantially deeper...
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Demise and Disintegration of Nationalist Terrorist Groups
Štekl, Jakub ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Kocmanová, Markéta (referee)
The thesis is focused on the process of demise and disintegration of nationalist terrorist groups. The case studies of terrorism in Northern Ireland and Basque region in Spain demonstrate and analyze the development of local terrorist organizations from the beginning to the cessation of violent actions. An emphasis is put especially on the end of armed campaign and transformation of nationalist activities within a legal framework. In the case of Northern Ireland, the focus is put on the activities of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) from the beginning of the Troubles to the Belfast Agreement in 1998. The research in this thesis includes the influence of affiliated political parties - Sinn Féin in this case - on the process of negotiations and the continuation of Northern Irish nationalism after the end of armed campaign. The Basque case is devoted to the development of Basque nationalism since the beginning of the 20th century, the creation and development of Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) and its terrorist campaign within both the Francoist regime and Spanish democracy. An emphasis is put on the development of the organization until its official dissolution in 2018, activities of the political parties of the Nationalist Left affiliated to ETA and the attitude of Spanish authorities to...
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On Psychological Methods in International Relations
Kocmanová, Markéta ; Jireš, Jan (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Ústav politologie Bakalářská práce Markéta Kocmanová Možnosti psychologického zkoumání v mezinárodních vztazích On Psychological Methods in International Relations Abstract The thesis provides an introduction to the employment of theoretical models of general and primarily social psychology while exploring global politics against the background of a holistically conceived dynamic model of the system of international relations. Central focus is directed at the phenomena undermining security stability at the sub-system level, i.e. the genesis of aggression and dynamics of conflict through the concept of perception as well as the dichotomy of collectivistic and individualistic cultures. The practical part performs an in-depth analysis of political radicalization while depicting the mechanisms of the pyramid model of radicalization. The overall theoretical framework is accompanied by a number of illustrative examples of both historical event and current international politics which are presented in relation to the specific actors within the system.
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