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Novel avenues for the preparation of antifouling scaffolds for tissue engineering
Kostina, Nina ; Michálek, Jiří (advisor) ; Smetana, Karel (referee) ; Vlček, Petr (referee)
Non-specific protein adsorption -protein fouling- is an adverse effect occurring at the surface of most artificial materials which come into contact with biological fluids, affecting various biomedical devices and tissue engineering scaffolds. In order to address this ubiquitous problem the preparation of scaffolds resistant to protein fouling (antifouling) was proposed. The main goal of this Thesis was the development of strategies for the preparation of antifouling scaffolds for tissue engineering. The work consisted of three steps: (i) the selection of monomers leading to antifouling properties by utilizing model system based on polymer brushes; (ii) preparation of antifouling hydrogels of different properties and architecture by copolymerization with zwitterionic carboxybetaine monomers, selected from model experiment; and (iii) modification of the surface of poly( -caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers by growing four types of polymer brushes resistant to protein fouling. The scaffolds presented in this work showed variety of unique properties, such as hydration (up to 30000%), elongation (up to 1800%), self-healing, biodegradation, availability of functional groups and complex pore structure. Importantly, all scaffolds showed significant reduction of protein fouling and non-specific cell adhesion and can be...
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Heuristic strategies of mathematical problem solving on lower secondary school
Přibyl, Jiří ; Roubíček, Filip (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee) ; Odvárko, Oldřich (referee)
The dissertation thesis deals with mathematical problem-solving at lower secon- dary level, as viewed from the perspective of heuristic strategies. The aim of the thesis is to comprehensibly summarize the results of research which began in 2012 and runs until now. The results concern both with theoretical and empirical parts of our research. This research study was conducted in fifteen lower secondary and upper secondary classes. Three dimensional classification of use of heuristic strategies and the structure of heuristic strategies' characteristics were developed by the author, and these constructs are presented in this work. The theory of mathematical problem and mathematical problem solving method is an integral part of this thesis too. Furthermore, the author presents a summary of all strategies used in the experiments; each strategy is fully described and illustrated by an appropriate example. The results of several short-term research studies (three months) and a longitudinal research study (sixteen months) are analysed in the empirical part of the thesis. This part also strives to find answers to several research questions, e.g.: " Could certain strategies be taught in a short-term period (three months)?", " Which strategies are suitable for an average pupil?" or " Are the pupils able to...
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Legal and Financial Aspects of the State Aids
Petr, Zbyněk ; Marková, Hana (advisor) ; Boháč, Radim (referee) ; Švarc, Zbyněk (referee)
The dissertation is devoted to the topic of "public support". In practice, however, it is possible to notice expressions like "state support" or "state aid", which are equivalents for the Czech term "public support". I explore the given concept in the international law, European and Czech legislations. Subsequently, I compare it with the laws of Poland and the Slovak Republic. The crucial part of the doctoral thesis focuses on investment aids aimed at the tool of discounts on income taxes, which is evaluated both from the perspective of legal theory and practice. Finally, I scrutinize the case law of the European and Czech courts, which represent the basis, and there is also a comparison with the historical development of the evaluation criteria for compatibility of state aids. Keywords: state aids, regional aids, investment incentives, tax allowance.
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Democracy in the Lack of Interest: the Effects of Remote Internet Voting Implementation in the Electoral Process of Selected Countries
Sál, Karel ; Jüptner, Petr (advisor) ; Brunclík, Miloš (referee) ; Chytilek, Roman (referee)
203 12 Dissertation Summary Dissertation title: Democracy in the Lack of Interest: the Effects of Remote Internet Voting Implementation in the Electoral Process of Selected Countries Name and Surname: Karel Sál Field of Study: Political Science Place of Work: Institute of Political Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University in Prague Dissertation Supervisor: PhDr. Petr Jüptner, Ph.D. No. of Pages: 203 No. of Appendixes: 30 Year of Defense: 2016 Keywords: internet voting; remote internet voting; electoral turnout; crisis of democracy; theory of participation; rational choice theory; Estonia; Switzerland; France; Norway; Spain. Abstract: The dissertation thesis named Democracy in the Lack of Interest: the Effects of Remote Internet Voting Implementation in the Electoral Process of Selected States reflects the phenomenon of the last decade - incorporation of new media into the political process. Internet voting is one of the discussed and suggested solutions of the so-called crisis of democracy, which could possibly stop the negative trend of diminishing voter turnout in advanced western democracies. The entire academic debate can be summarized into one question: It is possible, that the way of ballot casting can affect the voter turnout in that scale, that we can recognize a significant-positive...
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Synthesis and properties of conjugated metallo-supramolecular polymers
Štenclová, Pavla ; Svoboda, Jan (advisor) ; Jindřich, Jindřich (referee) ; Strachota, Adam (referee)
More than twenty new bis(tpy)oligothiophenes (tpy stands for 2,2':6',2''-terpyridin-4'-yl) with unsubstituted as well as substituted (with methyl, hexyl, bromohexyl or 6-(4- methoxyphenoxy)hexyl groups) central blocks comprising one to four thiophene rings have been prepared as building blocks (unimers) for constitutional dynamic metallo- supramolecular polymers (MSPs) soluble in common organic solvents. In addition a series of ionic unimers soluble in alcohols and partially in water have been prepared by modification of bromohexyl unimers with trimethylamine or triethylphosphine. Spectroscopic studies have shown that the steric hindrances prevail over the electronic effects of substituents as regards the impact on the delocalization of electrons along unimer chains. Unimers with high steric hindrances in the middle of the central oligothiophene block were found to behave nearly like the unimers with half central block. Three stages of the assembly of MSPs from unimers and metal ions in solutions were characterized by the exclusion chromatography: (i) formation of dimers U-Mt2+ -U in the early stages of assembling, (ii) assembly to longer MSPs chains, and (iii) end-capping with surplus metal ions and partial decomposition of MSPs chains. The observed changes in optical absorption spectra indicate a...
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Cognitive and emotional abnormalities in cerebellar mutant mice
Tůma, Jan ; Vožeh, František (advisor) ; Pokorný, Jaroslav (referee) ; Delgado García, José María (referee)
3 SUMMARY Hereditary cerebellar ataxias represent a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders. Variability of human hereditary ataxias is also reflected in animal models of cerebellar disorders. The most frequently used animal models are Lurcher and Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mutant mice. The main aim of this thesis was to analyze and compare the spatial and emotional behavior of these cerebellar mutants. Additional aims were to study the impact of abnormal behavior on breeding capacity in Lurcher mice and to assess the applicability of cerebellar mutants as models for experimental therapy of cerebellar degeneration. We have confirmed several behavioral impairments in both Lurcher and pcd mutant mice. Nevertheless, we have found that the manifestation of spatial behavior deficit is different in these two cerebellar mutants. Based on our findings, we propose that the deficit of spatial performance in cerebellar mutants may potentially arise from a combination of 1) cognitive disturbances, 2) sensory deficits, 3) motor impairments, and finally, 4) affective disorder. Moreover, resulting spatial behavior could also be modified by the specific effect of mutation, genetic background, and sex. We have also shown that abnormal behavior, e.g. maternal infanticide leads to decreased breeding...
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Vernacular architecture 19th century in region Vysočina
Minář, Ivan ; Škabrada, Jiří (advisor) ; Kibic, Karel (referee) ; Pešta, Jan (referee)
The village build-up area in the region of Vysočina has been considerably changed during the 19th century from the timbered to the bricked constructions. The change started in the southwest part of this region at the beginning of the 19th century, which was probably caused by the older build-up area, which had already been partly bricked. The timbered constructions in the Vysočina's northeast part were officially tolerated from the late 19th century above all because of the rare build-up area in higher localities, where the wooden houses did not pose such fire risk like in villages with houses built closer to each other. Bricked buildings have gained a complicated progress during the 19th century, which was allowed by mostly various material sources. Partial rebuildings were often during the one or two generation time on average, which showed up thanks to the noted historical objects. From this reason it was necessary to look on all preserved objects from the view of building history, since all found situations are the results of the wide variety of the building phases covering each other. The progress mostly influenced by the fire prevention rules proceeded in many ways. The most important of them was the change of material of the walls and gradual separation of the truss and the roof...
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Monitoring of the energy scale in the KATRIN neutrino experiment
Slezák, Martin ; Vénos, Drahoslav (advisor) ; Štekl, Ivan (referee) ; Vorobel, Vít (referee)
The question of the absolute mass scale of neutrinos is of particular interest for particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. The KATRIN experiment (KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment) aims to address the effective electron antineutrino mass from the shape of the tritium β-spectrum with an unprecedented sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c2 . One of the major systematic effects concerns the experimental energy scale, which has to be stable at the level of only a few parts in a million. For its calibration and monitoring the monoener- getic electrons emitted in the internal conversion of γ-transition of the metastable isotope 83m Kr will be extensively applied. The aim of this thesis is to address the problem of KA- TRIN energy scale distortions and its monitoring in detail. The source of electrons based on 83m Kr embedded in a solid as well as the source based on gaseous 83m Kr are studied. Based on the experimental results an approach for the continuous stability monitoring is proposed. 1
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Parish chronicles as a source of religious and social history using the example of commemorative books of parishes in the Velke Mezirici deanery.
Mrňa, Jaroslav ; Petráček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kašparová, Jaroslava (referee) ; Martínková, Lenka (referee)
PhDr. Jaroslav Mrňa Církevní a obecné dějiny 19. a 20. století Název disertační práce v anglickém jazyce: Parish chronicles as a source of religious and social history using the example of commemorative books of parishes in the deanery of Velke Mezirici. Anotace v anglickém jazyce: The parish chronicles in themself conceal an indelible link of parish administrators and they are often the only surviving trace of their thoughts and actions. Individual records in themself preserve not only the mentality of their writers, but also the valuable data from the life story of parishes. The dissertation thesis Parish chronicles as a source of religious and social history using the example of commemorative books of parishes in the deanery of Velke Mezirici brings the first complete view of the issue of the existence of parish chronicles and their use of the modern historical work in the field of religious and social history. It tries to highlight the important role of ego-documents to reconstruct the history of the life in the parish. In addition to the evaluation of the positive effects of the chronicle as a work of art, commemorative or official books, the thesis includes closer look at different types of documents and the structure of their scripts. For the analysis and the comparison there was made a...
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Nucleation of Sulphuric Acid and Water - Laboratory and Atmospheric Observations
Škrabalová, Lenka ; Ždímal, Vladimír (advisor) ; Řezáčová, Daniela (referee) ; Bartovská, Lidmila (referee)
1 ABSTRACT: This study is dedicated to the study of nucleation of sulphuric acid and water, which presents the key process associated with secondary aerosol formation via gas to particle conversion. We investigated the nucleation rates, new aerosol particles formation and growth dynamics of newly nucleated particles. These processes were explored in both laboratory and field experiments. In the laboratory measurements, we explored the H2SO4 - H2O nucleation rates and growth rates of newly formed particles under well-defined conditions and we also investigated the effect of experimental conditions on particle growth dynamics. Furthermore, we proposed a model, which predicts the particle growth and accounts for condensation of H2SO4, H2O and NH3. The comparison of experimental growth rates with atmospheric ones was made and resulting implications of the chemical nature of compounds involved in the early growth of nucleated particles is also presented. To investigate the atmospheric H2SO4 - H2O nucleation and new particle formation, we analysed a two-year long dataset of particle number size distributions, obtained from a urban background station in Prague Suchdol. A special attention was given to a recently reported special feature of particle growth dynamics - a particle shrinkage following previous new...
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