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Study of bioaccessibility and oxidative potential of elements using simulated lung fluids
Šidla, Jiří ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Cigánková,, Hana (advisor)
This master thesis deals with the determination of the bioaccessible concentration and oxidative potential of an urban aerosol using 3 simulated lung fluids. Submicron fraction (PM1; urban aerosol particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 1 m) was collected in two campaigns (summer, winter). The mass concentration of PM1 was determined gravimetrically and total concentrations of selected metals were determined by ICP-MS. Next, extraction of the sampled filters into 3 simulated lung fluids (Gamble's solution – GS, Simulated alveoli fluid – SAF, and Curosurf) was performed. The extracts were used to determine the bioaccessibility of each metal by ICP-MS and to determine the oxidative potential. Oxidative potential of standard solutions of selected metals and real aerosol samples was also studied using 3 simulated lung fluids. The highest total concentration in PM1 was measured for Fe. The bioaccessibility of most of the studied metals was higher in Curosurf than in GS and SAF. Although the bioaccessibility of most metals was higher in the summer campaign than in the winter campaign, higher values of OP were measured in the winter campaign. OP was higher for extracted PM in Curosurf than in SAF. A study of relationships between measured variables was also conducted using correlations. This work provides a closer look at the effects of inhaled metals contained in urban atmospheric aerosol on human health. The inclusion of Curosurf among the SLFs analysed is also beneficial, as it is a substance used in hospitals for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in children.
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Characterization of Metals in Atmospheric Aerosol
Cigánková, Hana ; Ličbinský, Roman (referee) ; Vojtíšek,, Michal (referee) ; Krajčovič, Jozef (advisor)
The presented doctoral thesis deals with the characterization of elements in two size fractions of urban aerosol, which was sampled in all seasons on the terrace of the Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS in Brno in 2018. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the basic information about the analysis and health risks of atmospheric aerosol and metals bound to aerosol. Furthermore, the work describes methods for determining the inhalation bioaccessibility of aerosol particles and methods used for the determination of oxidative potential. The first part of the thesis describes in detail the sampling and analysis of urban aerosol particles. The mass concentration of both aerosol size fractions and the total concentration of 21 elements were determined. The probable sources of the analysed elements were calculated using the enrichment factor and positive matrix factorization. The second part of the thesis deals with the determination of the oxidative potential of the aerosol and bioaccessible concentration of the analysed elements in three simulated lung fluids (deionized water, simulated alveoli fluid, Gamble solution). In addition to determining the oxidative potential of real samples, the oxidative potential of individual elements was also analysed. From the obtained results was calculated the probable contribution of the elements to the measured oxidative potential.
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Elements' bioaccessibility and oxidative potential of urban aerosol
Cigánková, Hana ; Mikuška, Pavel ; Hegrová, J.
Atmospheric aerosols (Particulate Matter, PM) have significant impact on health and environment. The ability of aerosol to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the widely proposed mechanisms related to the negative effects of aerosol on human health. Oxidative stress, caused by the production of ROS, is associated with several cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.\nThe capacity of aerosol to produce ROS is also called oxidative potential (OP). Although ROS generation capacity of PM exhibits a good correlation with PM mass concentration, it may depend more on physico-chemical properties of PM. Elements bound to PM play a significant role in contributing to the OP of aerosol. Exposure to elements was linked with several health issues (e.g. respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, asthma, inflammatory effects, lung cancer).
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Oxidative Potential of PM1 and PM2.5 Urban Aerosol and Associated Elements in Three Simulated Lung Fluids
Cigánková, Hana ; Mikuška, Pavel ; Hegrová, J.
Mass concentration of particulate matter (PM) has been used in several epidemiologic studies as an indicatior conenecting PM concentrations with human health effects (Ostro, 1993). However, mass concentration of PM doesn´t consider the different compositions and toxicological effects of its components. Majority of PM mass constitutes low-toxicity components, while minority of trace components may have high toxicological activity (Tonne, 2012). Oxidative potential (OP), defined as the ability of PM to induce oxidative stress, is in recent years recognized as one of the main biological mechanisms considered to be contributing to negative impacts from air pollution exposure. Oxidative stress is caused through the capability of PM to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the lung, which leads to pro-inflammatory responses that can ultimately results in cell apoptosis (Borlaza, 2021).
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Characterization of Metals in Atmospheric Aerosol
Cigánková, Hana ; Ličbinský, Roman (referee) ; Vojtíšek,, Michal (referee) ; Krajčovič, Jozef (advisor)
The presented doctoral thesis deals with the characterization of elements in two size fractions of urban aerosol, which was sampled in all seasons on the terrace of the Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS in Brno in 2018. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the basic information about the analysis and health risks of atmospheric aerosol and metals bound to aerosol. Furthermore, the work describes methods for determining the inhalation bioaccessibility of aerosol particles and methods used for the determination of oxidative potential. The first part of the thesis describes in detail the sampling and analysis of urban aerosol particles. The mass concentration of both aerosol size fractions and the total concentration of 21 elements were determined. The probable sources of the analysed elements were calculated using the enrichment factor and positive matrix factorization. The second part of the thesis deals with the determination of the oxidative potential of the aerosol and bioaccessible concentration of the analysed elements in three simulated lung fluids (deionized water, simulated alveoli fluid, Gamble solution). In addition to determining the oxidative potential of real samples, the oxidative potential of individual elements was also analysed. From the obtained results was calculated the probable contribution of the elements to the measured oxidative potential.
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