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Historical occurrence of bark beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in the Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic, and possibility of its study in lake sediments
Vytisková, Markéta ; Hořická, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hruška, Jakub (referee)
The bachelor's project is closely related to the problem of bark beetle calamities in the Bohemian Forest National Park in the Czech Republic, and to a possible use of paleolimnological methods for their historical reconstruction. The importance of subfossil beetles as a proxy in assessing past changes in the nature is growing, and the occurrence of remains of Scolytinae in lake sediments has been confirmed - also in the Bohemian Forest paleolake Stará jímka. The thesis is a literature review of (1) the relationship between spruce forests and bark beetle gradations in the area, and (2) chitinous remains of bark beetle and other Scolytinae preserved in lake sediments, and their paleoecological implications. Key words Bohemian Forest (Czech Republic), spruce forests, bark beetle, paleolimnology, subfossil Coleoptera, paleolake Stará jímka
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Povrchová aktivita osmi běžných druhů chvostoskoků ve smrkových lesích a na pasekách po kůrovcové kalamitě v Národním parku Šumava, Česká republika
Brůhová, Jindřiška ; Rusek, Josef
Surface activity of eight common epigeic species of Collembola were studied in spruce forests, dead spruce forests and clearings in the Šumava National Park, South Bohemia, Czech Republic: .i.Lepidocyrtus lignorum, Leidocyrus cyaneus, Pogonognathellus longicornis, Tomocerus minutus, Tetracanthella stachi, Allacma fusca, Entomobrya nivalis, Dicyrtomina minuta./i.. Five pitfall traps were exposed at each of the 9 sites in the summer and autumn periods to study the impact of spruce forest die-off after bark beetle attack (dead forests) and on clearings. Material comprising 79435 specimens was evaluated in this study using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test for comparing Collembola activity between the sites and seasons. Complete linkage (Euclidean distances) cluster analysis was used for comparing the collembolan activity in all nine sites.
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Soil macrofauna of mountain spruce stands in the Bohemian Forest as affected with selective tree cutting
Tajovský, Karel ; Pižl, Václav
Assemblages of soil macrofauna (earthworms, millipedes and centipedes) were studied in three specially protected mountain spruce stands in the Bohemian Forest (Czech Republic) in 2000-2003 using soil sampling to assess their quantitative and qualitative parameters. Spruce forests under study possessed poor (density 7,7-61,3 ind.m-2), but very specific earthworm assemblages built of 2-4 acidotolerant epigeic species. Similarly, assemblages of millipedes were low in both density (1,6-44,8 ind.m-2) and species numbers. Density of centipedes reached 41,1-206,4 ind.m-2, and their assemblages were composed mainly of the representatives of the order Geophilomorpha. Comparison of intact stands and those with selective cutting of spruce trees showed the negative impact of forestry management on populations of millipedes and centipedes. Density of both groups as well as species number of millipedes was markedly lower at selectively cut plot in the Trojmezná. On the contrary, denser earthworm populations were found at cut than at intact plots, most probably due to changes in herb vegetation and litter layer followed tree cutting.
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Earthworm communities in spruce forest soils - effects of some natural and anthropogenic factors
Pižl, Václav
Earthworm fauna was analysed and compared in 22 natural and man-made spruce forests located in seven regions of the Czech Republic. 14 species of earthworms were identified; among which acidotolerant epigeic species Dendrobaena octaedra, D. illyrica, Dendrodrilus rubidus, Dendrobaena vejdovskyi and Lumbricus rubellus were most frequently recorded. Poor earthworm communities (1-4 species, density 1,2 - 38,4 ind.m-2) inhabited majority of sites. Nevertheless, strong differences occured in their species composition reflecting both the geographical position of sites and the origin of individual forests. Higher density and/or per-site number, of species were always connected with the presence of specific habitats such as water sources, brooks, wood or bark heaps, etc. Earthworm faunas in damaged mountain spruce forests tended to be more abundant than in undamaged forests and to have higher number of species. Denser earthworm populations developed at sites where dead trees were left than at clear-cut ones.
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Comparison of soil nematode communities in spruce forests of the Žofín woodland area (Novohradské hory Mts.) and the upper Vydra river basin (Šumava Mts.), Czech Republic
Háněl, Ladislav
Soil nematodes were studied in two spruce forests at the Žofín National Nature Reserve and in three spruce forests of the upper Vydra river basin, National Park Šumava, in South Bohemia. The total mean abundance of nematodes in the spruce forests ranged from 863 to 4877x10 3 ind.m-2 with variation from 231 to 6947x10 3 ind.m-2 on individual sampling dates. The most abundant nematode genera were root-fungal feeding Filenchus (48,3% of all nematode individuals in the spruce forests studied), bacterivorous Plectus (11,2%), and omnivorous Eudorylaimus (8,5%). The lowest abundance but the greatest variety of nematodes was found in a waterlogged spruce forests at the Žofín Reserve whereas the greatest abundance of nematodes occurred in the spruce forests of the Vydra river basin. The nematode fauna in the two regions compared showed particular differences, especially in the groups of bacterivorous, plant parasitic and predatory species.
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