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Sexual-orientation discrimination and biological attributions: experimental evidence from Russia
Baghumyan, Gayane
Understanding what drives discriminatory behavior is important in order to identify the best strategy to combat it. In this study, I exogenously manipulate participants’ beliefs about the origins of sexual orientation by providing evidence that supports biological causes of homosexuality. I employ money allocation tasks to measure discrimination. This allows me to causally identify the impact of information on discriminatory behavior. I first document the prevalence of discrimination against individuals with same-sex partners in Russia. On average, roughly 54% of participants exhibit discriminatory behavior against profiles with same-sex partners by allocating 16 percentage points less money to them. Further, the results suggest that exposure to evidence on the biological causes of homosexuality negatively affects discriminatory behavior. Participants in the treatment group allocate less money to profiles with same-sex partners, relative to participants in the baseline group. Potential rationales for this behavior could include the following: (i) the provision of information that contradicts existing beliefs might cause cognitive dissonance, triggering irritation and intensifying discriminatory tendencies, (ii) the information might foster beliefs that individuals in same-sex partnerships are fundamentally ’other’ - even at a biological level - thereby widening the perceived social gap between participants and these sexual minority groups and fostering discrimination further.
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The Legal Status of Minorities in Russia
Ullmannová, Nicola ; Petráš, René (advisor) ; Horák, Záboj (referee)
1 Abstract Thesis title: The legal status of minorities in Russia This work is an overview of the legal status of minorities in Russia and their mutual interaction with the dominant nation in individual historical stages. Its subject is to explore changes in the status of minorities in political, cultural, linguistic, religious and fundamental human rights. This is put in the historical context and the influence of the state's minority policy on state integrity is examined, including the assessment of the adequacy of the state-legal arrangement for the needs of national minorities. The space is also devoted to the administrative division of the country, which plays an important role in Russian terms. The pros and cons of period legislation are evaluated. Its impact on the practical life of minorities is illustrated by examples of specific minorities. The work is structured chronologically, presenting the history of Russia primarily in terms of milestones relevant to national minorities. The first part devoted to the Russian Empire monitors its gradual expansion and differences in the legal status of the conquered nations. Approximately from the middle of the 19th century, the Russian legislation has been directed towards unification, resp. Rusification of the whole empire, while the causes and effects of...
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Sexual minorities and their communities in Republic of Korea
Svatošová, Veronika ; Horák, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mazaná, Vladislava (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is to present the minority sexual orientation as a sociocultural phenomenon in the Republic of Korea. After a brief introduction regarding history and general culture, the thesis will focus on community movement of the members of sexual minorities as a specific subculture of modern society, from the formative beginnings all the way to the present. The next part is dedicated to the influence of the internet and related changes in the lives of the minorities. Then the thesis will look deeper into the situation of social movements which means it will present the main interest groups and organizations not only fighting the societal prejudice against homosexuality, but also defending the rights of sexual minorities. This particular part will also pay attention to the lives of the members of sexual minorities within university community at selected Korean universities. The thesis will also introduce socio-cultural events, such as festivals. The final part will focus on legal provisions of sexual minorities and their image in the entertainment industry. Considering the focus of this thesis, the point is mainly to gather and organize available information into a coherent and structured whole.
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Special aspects on the situation of gender minorities in Namibia
ŠANDOVÁ, Iva
My thesis evaluates the current situation of sexual minorities in the Karas region of Namibia by interpreting the values of the Namibian society in the context of Christian ethics. The first part of my thesis explains the methodology I have used and defines key terms used in the thesis. The second part provides an insight into the living conditions of homosexuals in Namibian society in the context of religion, traditions and legislation applying to this issue. The third part deals with the Christian ethical perspective of homosexuality in the context of natural religions and human rights.
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