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Design of computer tomograph
Bojková, Eva ; Lehocký, Peter (referee) ; Zvonek, Miroslav (advisor)
The graduation thesis is engaged in the design of computed tomography (CT). It is a piece of medical equipment which helps to define the diagnosis of a patient. The first part of the project is a research into contemporary stage and production of CT systems. Consequently the new design of computed tomography is designed in a way to maximise ergonomical, technical and aesthetic quality.
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Sample preparation and their measurement by EDS methods
Kostelník, Tomáš ; Jaššo, Kamil (referee) ; Čudek, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis is focused on preparation and analysis of samples by energy dispersive spectroscopy using scanning electron microscopy. In the theoretical the main differences between environmental scanning electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy are described. There is also a description of basic knowledge regarding energy dispersive spectroscopy. The generation and detection of signals arising from the interaction of a beam of primary electrons with a sample is also explained, with emphasis on the description, generation and distribution of these signals. The experimental part is focused on sample preparation and analysis.
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Properties and the Use of Metal Foams
Křivánek, Robin ; Liškutín, Petr (referee) ; Němec, Karel (advisor)
In this thesis are summarized the findings of metal foams, with prevailing constraints on aluminum foam, because in them hides the greatest potential. The first part is described the production of porous materials, especially the way of floam production by thermal decomposition of floaming agent and melt gas injection. There are also written stress tests to gain a deeper knowledge of their properties, but also the latest exploring methods of foams, such as using a radioscopiy and CT scanner from which then creates a voxel model of foam. They are summarized here the basic ways of processing. Finally we must mention the possibility of using these materials with a focus on commercially produced foams Alporas® and Duocel®. Mass using foams mainly prevents high production costs and in some cases difficult reproducibility of properties.
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Determination of the chemical composition of a brass sample by X-ray fluorescence method
Tomanová, Michaela ; Čudek, Pavel (referee) ; Vaněk, Jiří (advisor)
The fluorescence spectroscopy method is used to distinguish components in gas, liquid, or solid samples. The study is based on the parameters of secondary radiation, which is emitted by each element and allows them to be identified. The distinction between each radiation is analogous to a fingerprint. Apart from quantitative and qualitative analyses, the method can be used to determine the thickness of metal layers and alloys. Laboratory analysis has a broader range of application than portable devices, which are also available. In the laboratory, two methods of measurement are available: wavelength dispersive fluorescence spectroscopy – WDXRF and energo dispersive fluorescence spectroscopy – EDXRF. A brass sample with lead additive was analyzed using EDXRF in the practical part of this diploma thesis. An X-ray apparatus from the Leybold company was employed for the analysis, which will be used for education of lower grades at the university. A measurement station and a laboratory assignment were developed as part of the thesis, the aim of which will be to determine the chemical composition of a brass sample using the X-ray fluorescence method.
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Spectral computed tomography: comparison of real and virtual nativ images
Širůčková, Kateřina ; Bartušek, Karel (referee) ; Marcoň, Petr (advisor)
Advanced X-ray medical diagnostic methods massively increase the radiation exposure of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the reduction of radiation and its stochastic and deterministic effects. This project compares real native images TNC with virtual native images VNC. Virtual native images are acquired by spectral computed tomography method and it is suggested that VNC could potentially substitute real native images, thereby, the total radiation dose from multiphase spectral CT would decrease. A comparison was performed by defining certain parameters that represented the differentiation of the measured and calculated values in the images. The parameters were SNR, CNR, absolute difference, relative error and they were analysed by statistical tests using p-value and correlation analysis. Another output is a database of patients with compared parameters from real and virtual native images.
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Analysis of Defects on PCB Using Modern Optical Method
Vala, Martin ; Řezníček, Michal (referee) ; Řihák, Pavel (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on detecting of defects on BGA (Ball Grid Array) components using of X-ray. Defects are formed during reflow BGA components during assembly, but also later due to mechanical and thermal stress. Therefore, there is an overview of defects and methods of diagnosis of BGA packages eg .: modern X-ray defect detection or micro sections. There is disclosed a device NORDSON DAGE XD7600NT its operation and setup. The device enables advanced methods of scanning called X-plane. For creating 3D models used reconstructive software called CERA, which uses raw data from the method of X-Plane.
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Development of Imaging Methods and its Importance to Biomechanics
Sedláček, Tomáš ; Houfek, Martin (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to collect all available literature, from which can reader obtain basic knowledge of imaging methods. The methods are divided by its origin into four categories: x-rays, magnetic resonance, ultrasound and nuclear medicine. Each of them is described from the historical, physics and technological view. At the end the importance of each method to medicine and biomechanics is summarized.
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Calculation of efficient dose rtg diagnostic irradiation
Bažantová, Lucie ; Drastich, Aleš (referee) ; Rozman, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals primarily with the theory of ionizing radiation and its interaction with matter. It deals particularly with x-radiation and the methods of its use in medicine. The thesis contains a description of the origin of the x-ray image and a description of the techniques of radiography and skiascopy. A list of quantities and units used in radiation physics and in radiation protection has been set out, with regard to assessing the risk involved in the interaction of x-radiation with an organism. In particular, the effective dose and the methods of evaluating this during medical irradiation have been set out. The main parts of the work are an overview of the software environment used in radiation physics and an example of the calculation of an effective dose for a concrete radiographic examination together with a detailed description of the method of calculation. At the end of the thesis there is a table of calculated values and an evaluation of them.
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