|
|
The issue of life imprisonment
Svatoňová, Olga ; Tlapák Navrátilová, Jana (advisor) ; Herczeg, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to present a comprehensive view of a rather complicated issue of life imprisonment, mainly from legal perspective. It also deals with some psychological and sociological aspects which accompany long-term imprisonment. Life imprisonment is the highest sanction which is regulated in the legal system of the Czech Republic. It is imposed only in case of enumerate crimes and on the conditions stated in the penal code. Life imprisonment has been the highest sanction in our legal system since the year 1990 when it replaced death penalty which is not in accordance with principles of a democratic legal state. Similarly to death penalty, life imprisonment also has many opponents and is connected with many problems and questions. The thesis tries to define some of these problems and to bring as many findings as possible, so that everybody can make their own opinion on this issue. The thesis consists of seven chapters which are then divided into subchapters. After the brief introduction, there is the first chapter which covers the penalty as such. It delimits the term and purpose of the penalty, explains how the penalty is understood, what the terms individual and general prevention mean. The chapter also includes an interpretation of the penalty system. The second chapter covers a...
|
|
|
Rewards and punishments from the perspektive of school children
Bursíková, Aneta ; Janošová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Vágnerová, Marie (referee)
This thesis "reward and punishment from the perspective of school children" about the risks of rewards and punishments. Describes the kinds of sentence and the types of rewards with their positive and negative qualities. The practical part is made up of research based on a survey which was completed by respondents from 5th and 6th classes from two selected primary schools and one selected leisure group. The aim of the research was to determine how, respondents access the punishment and reward what they consider punishment as a reward for what they have been given the worst punishment after what had feelings. Who is most often punished and that the diversity of responses conditional on gender. Keywords reward, punishment, school-age child, family education
|
|
|
A Libertarian Critique of the U.S. Criminal Justice System
Král, Zdeněk ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
The thesis analyzes selected issues in the U.S. criminal justice system, and the solutions proposed by American libertarians. First, it introduces libertarianism as a whole, based on both contemporary and historical sources. The thesis then examines the real influence of libertarians on U.S. politics, and the possibility that libertarian proposals might be adopted. It analyzes the successes of the U.S. Libertarian Party and introduces movement and factions in the two major parties, Republican and Democratic, and today's influential politicians who at least partially promote libertarian proposals. In the final, pivotal chapter, the thesis uses the theoretical base provided in the first chapter to analyze the shortcomings of the U.S. criminal justice system, and the solutions and changes that libertarians propose. The structure of this analysis follows the generally accepted structure of the system itself, dealing with criminal law and its enforcement through policing, courts and corrections. On each of these levels, the thesis introduces both the libertarian critique of today's system and examples of specific issues and proposed solutions. The thesis identifies the so-called "War on Drugs" as one of the key points of the libertarian critique, and uses is as a case study which illustrates the impact of...
|
|
| |
|
|
Criminal Proceedings against Legal persons
Chovanec, Štěpán ; Herczeg, Jiří (advisor) ; Tlapák Navrátilová, Jana (referee)
Chovanec, Š. Criminal proceedings against legal entities Criminal proceedings against legal entities represent a significant innovation for Czech criminal procedure law. Adoption of Act nř 418/2011, about Criminal liability of legal entities and criminal proceedings against them, is considered as acceptance of the world's phenomenon of enactment of the institute of Criminal liability of legal entities. The lawmaker had chosen a special regulation for criminal proceedings against legal entities which however does not describe the issues solely. So the Penal Code is considered subsidiary applicable regardless it does regulate criminal proceedings against a natural person. The author of this text deals with risks and potential problems connected to this construct. The author of this text describes selected aspects of criminal proceedings against legal entities from its beginning to the enforcement proceeding.
|
|
| |
|
|
Beginnings of the modern prison in the Czech lands in the 1st third of the 19th century: Punishment, prison, prisoner
Mitáčková, Renáta ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Olšáková, Doubravka (referee)
This thesis deals with the origins of the modern prison system in czech lands at the first third of the 19th century. At first, the theoretical part of the thesis presents the opinions of the authors of existing literature. Afterthen it concentrates at the most famous reformers of criminal law and prison system. In the end it describes the criminal justice system and prison in Habsburg Monarchy. Practical part of the thesis is divided into three parts - punishment, prison and prisoner. The first part deals with the concept of the punishment and its purpose. It presents and analyzes crimes and punishments. The second part is focused on the prison and its functions. Was the purpose of the prison to punish or also to correct the prisoner? Which instruments served to correction of the prisoner? The thesis also compares the functioning of the prison and the other institution of detention - the workhouse. The last part is searching for the answers on this questions: How should the prison act on the prisoner's soul and body? What part did the punishments play within the prison and how should they be realized? The aim of the thesis is to try to capture, how did the new concepts of imprisonment show in the praxis of prison and how they act on organization of prison. Key words: punishment, prison, prisoner,...
|
|
|
Violence, Guilt and Punishment in Selected Works of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Gemrichová, Marie ; Veselá, Pavla (advisor) ; Robbins, David Lee (referee)
The BA thesis explores selected writings of Nathaniel Hawthorne, who addressed in his works many themes that range from nature through difficult relationships of characters and their communities to Biblical allusions. Some of the prominent themes which can be explored in his novels (such as The Scarlet Letter, The House of the Seven Gables and Fanshawe) are the themes of violence, guilt and punishment. These chosen themes serve as topics that are treated individually in each novel. Consequently the novels are compared. The thesis first focuses on an exploration of the theme of violence, to which extent it appears in Hawthorne's novels, which characters are victims and transgressors, and where violence leads to. At the same time it explores the feeling of guilt of Hawthorne's characters, and whether guilt appears after a committed violent act, as well as the consequences that come in the form of the transgressors' punishment. Namely, I explore the relationship of Hester Prynne with Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth (The Scarlet Letter), the two original families of the Pyncheons and the Maules and the influence of the ancestors on their heirs (The House of the Seven Gables) and the actions of the mysterious "angler" compared to the deeds of the individuals around Harley College (Fanshawe)....
|
|
|
The issue of life imprisonment
Polívková, Michaela ; Tlapák Navrátilová, Jana (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
The topic of this thesis is the issue of the life imprisonment and the main aim is to analyze this punishment in Czech legal environment and to point the possible improvements that could be done in this legal area. Since this kind of punishment has been involved in Czech system of punishments for only 24 years now, it gives enough space for its study and that is why I chose it as the topic of my thesis. This thesis consists of six main chapters. In the first one my task was to enlighten the meaning of the basic terms which are necessary to apprehend in order to be able to understand the problematic of punishments in general. Other half of this chapter is dedicated to the evolution of understanding the term "punishment" itself and the main opinions of the prominent philosophers such as Cesare Beccaria, Ch.L.Montesquieu, J. Locke and others. Second chapter describes the history of the highest penalty and criminal law in general in Czechoslovakia and Czech Republic in the years 1918 - 2009. In this period of time the significant historical events influenced the Czech law, especially the creation of independent Czechoslovak republic, the period of World War II, consequential rise of communism and its fall more than 50 years later..All of these events had main significance for the journey to death...
|
|
|
Criminal liability and sentencing of minors in the Czech Republic
Zíka, Tomáš ; Tlapák Navrátilová, Jana (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
Resumé v anglickém jazyce (Abstract in English language) This thesis deals with still very topical theme criminal liability and punishment of juveniles in the Czech Republic and its aim is to comprehensive familiarize readers with this issue with reference to many other sources, from which we can in more detail study various aspects of this field, which is constantly developing according to the most recent knowledge of juridical science and statistics, but also according to scientific findings from many different non-legal fields, mainly from psychology and sociology. The first part analyses historical development of individual models of criminal liability and punishment of juveniles, which largely corresponds with the development of criminal law in Great Britain and in the USA. There are discussed historical reasons for changes of models, their advantages and disadvantages and last but not least, their potential application in the Czech Republic. Then the part focuses on historical development of youth criminal law in Czech countries, namely from the earliest times to the present, when the new and still effective Law on Juvenile Justice (Act No. 218/2003 Coll.) was enacted. In this historical analysis was mainly paid attention to the act from year 1931, which was the pattern for the contemporary legal...
|
guest ::
