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Correlation of morphokinetic parameters of human preimplantation embryos with their chromosomal status
Kosařová, Zuzana ; Jelínková, Ladislava (advisor) ; Knytl, Martin (referee)
A significant amount of human preimplantation embryos is aneuploid. Preimplantation genetic testing of aneuploidies (PGT-A) enables us to examine the number of chromosomes in a few trophectoderm cells biopsied from developing embryos, and only euploid embryos are then recommended to be transferred. Biopsy of trophectoderm cells is an invasive method, PGT is quite expensive, the examination is not performed at all patients. Therefore, non-invasive methods for determining the highest quality embryos are searching. Non- invasive continual monitoring in a time-lapse system is able to observe the morphokinetic parameters of embryonic development, and can select the best developing embryos with a good prognosis for successful implantation. However, there is still the question of whether and how morphokinetic parameters and embryonic ploidy correlate. Most studies on this topic show that a combination of both of these approaches is the best way for selecting the highest quality embryo for transfer.
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The legal status of the embryo from the perspective of European human rights protection
Havlíková, Barbora ; Pítrová, Lenka (referee)
Title The legal status of the embryo from the perspective of European human rights protection Abstract The thesis addresses the question regarding the legal status of the human embryo in European law. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate whether the embryo stands in the position of a legal object or legal subject and whether the legal status of embryo is in compliance with natural law. For this purpose the thesis firstly defines the status in the field of natural law, i.e. the moral status of embryo. Afterwards, the thesis examines the legal position of embryo in human rights protection. The thesis answers the question whether the embryo is subject of human rights documents. The legal status of embryo is analyzed in relation to the subjectivity of human rights in general as well as in relation to specific rights. The interpretation of legal terms "human being" and "everyone" contribute to a better understanding of legal status of embryo in general. The analysis of the specific rights, namely the right to life, human dignity, personal integrity and non-discrimination, shows the complexity of the potential legal subjectivity of embryo in the area of human rights. The evaluation of the legal status of human embryo in the area of human rights protection is complemented by an assessment of legal status in other...
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The legal status of the embryo from the perspective of European human rights protection
Havlíková, Barbora ; Pítrová, Lenka (referee)
Title The legal status of the embryo from the perspective of European human rights protection Abstract The thesis addresses the question regarding the legal status of the human embryo in European law. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate whether the embryo stands in the position of a legal object or legal subject and whether the legal status of embryo is in compliance with natural law. For this purpose the thesis firstly defines the status in the field of natural law, i.e. the moral status of embryo. Afterwards, the thesis examines the legal position of embryo in human rights protection. The thesis answers the question whether the embryo is subject of human rights documents. The legal status of embryo is analyzed in relation to the subjectivity of human rights in general as well as in relation to specific rights. The interpretation of legal terms "human being" and "everyone" contribute to a better understanding of legal status of embryo in general. The analysis of the specific rights, namely the right to life, human dignity, personal integrity and non-discrimination, shows the complexity of the potential legal subjectivity of embryo in the area of human rights. The evaluation of the legal status of human embryo in the area of human rights protection is complemented by an assessment of legal status in other...
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The legal status of the embryo from the perspective of European human rights protection
Havlíková, Barbora ; Scheu, Harald Christian (advisor) ; Svobodová, Magdaléna (referee)
Title The legal status of the embryo from the perspective of European human rights protection Abstract The thesis addresses the question regarding the legal status of the human embryo in European law. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate whether the embryo stands in the position of a legal object or legal subject and whether the legal status of embryo is in compliance with natural law. For this purpose the thesis firstly defines the status in the field of natural law, i.e. the moral status of embryo. Afterwards, the thesis examines the legal position of embryo in human rights protection. The thesis answers the question whether the embryo is subject of human rights documents. The legal status of embryo is analyzed in relation to the subjectivity of human rights in general as well as in relation to specific rights. The interpretation of legal terms "human being" and "everyone" contribute to a better understanding of legal status of embryo in general. The analysis of the specific rights, namely the right to life, human dignity, personal integrity and non-discrimination, shows the complexity of the potential legal subjectivity of embryo in the area of human rights. The evaluation of the legal status of human embryo in the area of human rights protection is complemented by an assessment of legal status in other...
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Tripolar cell cleavage - morphokinetic evaluation of the human embryo development by the time-lapse system
Jandová, Oldřiška ; Hlinka, Daniel (advisor) ; Anger, Martin (referee)
The principle of time-lapse system is based on the continuous sensing of the development of the pre-implantation embryo and the assessment of its morphology. This is advantageous in assessing the quality and implantation potential of embryos, which are subsequently evaluated according to certain established criteria. This gives the opportunity to select the highest quality embryo to be implanted into the mother's womb during embryo transfer. This system also allows us to detect any abnormalities in embryo development. This is very important, because the occurrence of abnormalities in early embryonic cell division is quite common. Morphological evaluation of embryos indicates a high incidence of tripolar mitosis during this early embryo development. The result of this division is three blastomers instead of two, which is associated with an irregular chromosome separation, each of them may contain a different number of chromosomes. In the case where conventional embryo observation is used to observe embryo morphology at longer intervals, it may be that the changes associated with tripolar mitosis are not detected at all, and such embryos appear to be falsely prosperous and are often selected for transfer. This can have serious consequences in the case of implantation, because these embryos are not...
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The Human Embryo in the Perspective of Reproductive Medicine
Halabicová, Věra ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Matějek, Jaromír (referee) ; Opatrný, Dominik (referee)
Title: The Human Embryo in the Perspective of Reproductive Medicine. Since when one begins to be a human person? In this work, we take into account the issues, which in most cases lead many people to resort to the reproductive medicine, which generally is referred to as the infertility problems. But in some techniques, the reproductive medicine loses up to 80% of human embryos. In the minds of many people, the human embryo is seen only as a cluster of cells. However, is it really just a cluster of cells, or is it already a person at an early stage of development? As far as one is already man, is he now also the human being, of whom are in our Western culture related rights, especially the right to life? Could we then say with a clear conscience that with these techniques we are acting ethically? We dividend our work into six chapters. In the first and second chapter, we will be briefly acquainted with the issues of infertility, of the reproductive medicine techniques, with the development of the human embryo and with handling of the embryos in the course of these techniques. In the third charter, we will present the two major ethical models in our cultural area that have a different point of view on the status of the human embryo. In the fourth chapter, we will look at how to the question of the...
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Individuality of the Early Human Embryo
Černý, David
In his contribution, the author, by means of philosophical argumentation, arrived at the conclusion that a human embryo is in all the stages of its development an individual member of humankind. However, this conclusion is just the first step to solution of the issue of moral evaluation of human embryonic stem cell research.
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