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COVID-19, Financial Situation of Households and Distance Learning - Our Society - Special - April 2021
Tuček, Milan
Less than two thirds of respondents (64%) said that their household incomes remained the same at the time of COVID, more than a quarter (27%) said they had fallen, of which 9% said significantly. In 8% of households, income increased. The resulting findings do not change significantly during the pandemic. Almost three-fifths of households said that they could manage on finances for more than half a year in the current situation. 5% of households no longer come up with finances, another 5% would last a maximum of a month. The assessment of the financial situation has not changed since the last survey (February). As expected, the financial situation depends on the socio-professional status of the respondent and especially on the amount of household income (the difference between the first and the tenth deciles in the answer "more than half a year" is 52 percentage points). One third of respondents agree with current closure of all schools, two thirds disagree. The agreement rate decreased by 7 percentage points compared to the September survey. More than half of parents (54%) manage distance learning easily, two fifths (40%) find it difficult.
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Impact of taxes and social benefits on income inequality and relative poverty in the Czech Republic
Janský, Petr ; Kalíšková, Klára ; Münich, Daniel
International comparisons have long shown that income inequality and the proportion of people at risk of relative poverty in the Czech Republic are among the lowest both in the EU and across the world's most developed countries (OECD). Data from representative surveys on household incomes and expenditures show that the Czech tax and social benefits system has rather little effect on income equality and the risk of poverty. Relatively low variation in gross income, for which the old-age pension system plays a key role, plays a greater part in maintaining the low rates of both measures. If besides direct taxes and social benefits we also take into account the effects of indirect taxation (value added tax and consumer taxes), then we find that the current system reduces income inequality relatively little, and in fact slightly increases the relative poverty risk. 80 % of those in relative poverty and 33 % of other individuals are in receipt of at least one social benefit. Only 38 % of total expenditures on state social support are spent on people who are at risk of relative income poverty. The most potentially effective benefits for reducing relative income inequality and overall poverty rates are benefits in material need (contributions towards basic living costs and accommodation). The most effective instrument for reducing the proportion of the population at risk of relative income poverty is child benefit.
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Evaluation of household income, depending on his rank of head
FREJLACHOVÁ, Ivana
The thesis deals with the comparison and assessment of the dependence of Czech Republic household income on the job held by the head of a household. It also deals with determining the poverty line and the subsequent identification of households that are below this line. The source of data was the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) carried out by the Czech Statistical Office for the years 2008 and 2010. Households were divided into groups according to the occupation of the head of the household. Net yearly income per consumption unit and the gross yearly income of households were monitored during the assessment of income. Household income during both periods is characterised by high kurtosis and is skewed to the right. There exists the premise that there are similarities with log-normal distribution.
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Social Situation of Households in the Czech Republic
Macešková, Eva ; Bartošová, Jitka (advisor) ; Bína, Vladislav (referee)
Bachelor's thesis "The social situation of households in the Czech Republic" is aimed to study the financial situation of Czech households. The thesis monitor the evolution of household incomes and expenditures in period 1995 - 2007. There is a detailed study of household incomes and expenditure in 2007. This section is separate in two parts. In first part are households divided according to household income into three groups - the poorest, middle and rich, and in second part are divided according the person at the head of household into four groups - employee, self-employed persons, pensioners and unemployed. The thesis monitor the amount and proportion of individual items of incomes and expenditures. There is also mentioned relation of GDP and household expenditures, the evolution of GDP and GDP prediction.
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