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Degradace krajiny a její vnímání pastevci na Sokotře
Jurczková, Nikola
Overgrazing is one of the main causes of landscape degradation in Socotra. This bachelor is focused on research on local herders and their perceptions of landscape degradation on the island. Also, the willingness of herders to participate in environmental protection is examined. The research was conducted through a questionnaire survey during the period 9.10. –9.11.2021. The results show that the pressure on tree vegetation has increased due to changes in traditional farming practices. The research also confirmed that herders are aware of landscape degradation, even perceiving a link between land degradation and overgrazing. Herders are aware of the negative impacts on their livelihoods as a result of landscape degradation but are unaware of the future consequences and threats to the existence of forests. Many of them are willing to voluntarily contribute to environmental protection. Herders are open to development cooperation, participation in landscape management or education through seminars. They are also willing to reduce grazing in the forest or reduce the number of their livestock in order to protect the forest, but many of them only with certain compensations. Local people depend on their livestock as they are the main source of livelihood for the local population and other forms of management are very limited due to climatic conditions. The research conducted helped to understand how herders perceive landscape degradation and to what extent they are willing to cooperate in nature conservation.
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Specifika reprodukce koní
Maňasová, Michaela
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of specifics in the breeding and reproduction of horses. The theoretical part firstly describes genital organs of mares as well as stallions and the differences from other species of livestock. Next the thesis characterizes mare’s sexual cycle and methods of horse reproduction regarding their advantages and disadvantages. The next section of the theoretical part gives attention to specifics of the whole reproductive cycle and its comparison to other livestock. And the final part of the theoretical part provides the options for affecting the mare’s sexual cycle. The practical part covers the evaluation of reproductive traits of horse breeding in Hřebčín Vlachovice between 2015 – 2018 period. During these reproduction seasons, there were two stallions – Age of Jape and Ray of Light. It is looked on indicators as the amount of covered and pregnant broodmares, fertility of stallions, effectivity of mare’s getting pregnant or mare’s ability to get pregnant after having a foal. As the last but not least factor watched in the thesis is using hormonal products at mares.
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Welfare of farmed animals in European Union law
Kubíková, Gabriela ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee) ; Smolek, Martin (referee)
Welfare of farmed animals in European Union law Abstract: The dissertation deals with the protection of farmed animals and their welfare in the European Union law. This is a topic of growing social importance, primarily due to the ethical and environmental concerns associated with intensive animal farming and the increasing societal pressure to strengthen the legal protection of these animals. In addition to providing a general overview of the role of the European Union in the protection of farmed animals, the aim of this thesis is to analyse the current animal welfare legislation in the EU, both in terms of its content (i.e. specific requirements set by the legislation), which is put into comparison with scientific findings in the field of animal welfare, and in terms of its application in practice. On the basis of this analysis and comparison, recommendations are then formulated which address the identified shortcomings and could improve the current state of farmed animal protection in the EU. The thesis is divided into an introduction, five chapters and a conclusion. The introduction provides an outline of the issue and highlights the links between the protection of farmed animals and the environment, lays down the research questions, outlines the structure of the thesis, summarises the methods used and...
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Studium změn v barvě masa jatečných zvířat v závislosti na vlivu zvolených faktorů
Dračková, Eliška
The aim of the dissertation work was to determine meat colour in cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry and pheasants. The aim was also to evaluate the effect of breed, age at slaughter, weight at slaughter, sex, content of intramuscular fat and feed on changes in meat colour. Lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), chroma (C*) and hue (h) of CIELab system were measured by spectrophotometer Konica Minolta CM 2600d in all analyzed samples. In selected samples both remission and content of colour pigments were measured using photocolorimeter Spekol 11 and by modified method according to Hornsey. According to the results pork meat was affected by selected biological factors in the smallest range. Sex of the fattening pigs (hogs and gilts) had not significant effect on meat colour, on none of the monitored parameters. Neither sire lines did affect colour meat parameters. Significantly the lightest (p < 0.05) meat L* (62.53) was found in group with the highest content of intramuscular fat (5.04 -- 9.50 %). The colour of beef was affected by chosen factors in the widest range. In bulls, heifers and steers the highest lightness L* was found in crossbreed with Charolais (L* 36.22; 37.23; 37.19). The type of cattle had a significant effect (p < 0.01) on meat colour in cows. There were observed significant differences (p < 0.01) between crossbreed of beef breed (L* 36.89) and dairy breed (L* 31.94), respectively dual purpose breed (L* 33.57). Czech Fleickvieh breed (C) had significant effect on pigments content in meat (p < 0.01) when crossing with dairy breed. There was found significant difference (p < 0.01) between crossbreed with C 50 -- 74 % (3.94 mg.g-1) and purebreed C 100 % (3.57 mg.g-1). The breed of lambs had not significant effect on meat colour (p > 0.05). The level of DDGS in broiler diets had a significant effect on meat colour (p < 0.05). The highest (p < 0.05) L* (55.58) of breast muscles was determined in broilers fed 10% DDGS in the diet. Colour of broilers meat was affected not only by the level of DDGS but also by extruded soybeans (EPS). Breast muscle was darker (p < 0.01) in EPS (L* 52.58) in comparison with breast muscle of broilers fed DDGS (L* 55.74). In pheasants there were not significant differences (p > 0.05) between sexes in breast meat colour. Sex of pheasants had significant effect (p < 0.01) on lightness (L*), redness (a*) and hue (h) in thigh muscles. Values a*, b*, C* and h of breast meat were significantly (p < 0.01) different between pheasants reared in aviary in comparison with pheasant from the wild. Thigh muscle was significantly darker (p < 0.01) in pheasants from wild than in pheasants from aviary.
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Methodology for use of technological waters on agricultural land (3rd ed.)
Mühlbachová, Gabriela ; Svoboda, Pavel ; Klír, Jan ; Vegricht, Jiří
The production of technological waters from stables is evaluated in the methodology for the use of technological waters in agriculture. The corresponding legislation amended in 2021 is described. Attention is focused on technological waters from livestock breeding and simple processing of plant products. The production of technological waters is evaluated from the point of view of individual operations in which the technological waters are produces, particularly in milking and cooling equipment. THe characteristics of technological waters, particuarly the nutrient contents and potential risks of their use on the agricultural land are also evaluated in the methodology. the influence of tehcnological eaters on the growth of plants and microbial biomass content and activity in the soil was experimentally verified. The methodology contains the recommendation for the application of technological waters on the agricultural land.
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Traditional and nontraditional farm animals and their importance to human life
Procházka, Jiří ; Hanel, Lubomír (advisor) ; Řezníček, Jan (referee)
The Abstract The main purpose of my thesis is to make summary of conventional and unconventional livestock and their importace to man. My thesis brings in survey of the most significant kinds of breeds and their economic exploitation. A separate section is devoted to Czech breeding of essential kinds of livestock in reference to their conditions and animal production capacity. Out of unconventional groups of livestock, the attention is devoted to birds from out superorder runners. The importace of meat in man's nutrition is widely discussed. As a part of thesis, a public inquiry was compiled and analysed. It was interpreted on samples of students and workers of educational institutions. The inquiry discovers the influence of respondents'demografic field and other circumstances upon meat consummation. As a suplement to the biology education at primary and secondary schools, a CD- ROM is made containing questions to systematic zoology of birds from among superorder runners. Key words: domestication, livestock, runners, meat, inquiry
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Aktuální stav genových rezerv v České republice
Koupová, Tereza
Genetic resources are very important part of agriculture because it preserves so called primitive genes of original breeds which was breeded in our area in the past. Nowadays are these breeds threatened and is therefore very important to protect and preserve them. As in these times the animals are grading for the biggest possible efficiency they don't have these primitive genes and they can be predisposed to changes of environment and diseases. The goal of this thesis is describe what genetic resources are, what is the importance for society and agriculture, define individual breeds of animals classified as genetic resource of the Czech republic and make a list of current situation in number states. Genetic resources are closely related to organic agriculture and that's why I decide to describe it and clarify principles of animal breeding in organic agriculture.
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Zhodnocení distribuce a početnosti vlka na Broumovsku, jeho vliv na zvěř a škody na zvířatech
Strnad, Vojtěch
The return of the permanent population of wolves in the Czech Republic is a frequently discussed topic, especially in connection with the harms caused by wolves to livestock farmers. This thesis deals with the distribution and abundance of wolves in the Broumov region, where the wolves returned in 2015 and have successfully reproduced since 2016. Furthermore, it evaluates the harms to livestock and the impact on animals. This issue is solved in three levels. The first level provides information about the harms to farm animals, which was registered between 2015-2018, divides the territory of the PLA Broumovsko into several areas of attacks and informs about the number of farmed animals in these areas. The second level deals with the influence of the presence of wolves on the number of cloven-hoofed game between 2015-2018 in the area where the wolves are observed for the longest time and there are the greatest harms to livestock. The last level solves the abundance and distribution of wolves in the Broumov region, based on pictures from photo traps and found droppings.
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Problematika intenzivních chovů hospodářských zvířat z environmentálního hlediska
Střelcová, Anna
The thesis deals with the issue of intensive livestock farming. Literary review describes the definition of the term, the historical development of meat consumption including the development of livestock farming and the current legislative framework of the issue. Furthermore, the negative impact of intensive farming on the environment, human health and livestock itself is discussed. The ethical level of the topic and possible existing alternatives are also outlined. The research part analyzes the results of the research based on the application of the methodology of the field research, the methodology of observation using the ethogram, the methodology of statistical evaluation and the comparative methodology. There are described and compared behaviors in intensive and alternative cow and hen breeding in different seasons of the year. Based on the results, the fulfillment of the ethological needs of farmed animals and their welfare are assessed. The evaluation of the results confirms the hypothesis that intensive breeding of dairy cows and laying hens does not meet the ethological needs of farmed animals.
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