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The use of algal test in ecotoxicology
Hájková, Tereza ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with a use of algal test in ecotoxicology. A freshwater algae, Desmodesmus subspicatus, was used to asses the ecotoxicity of selected chemical substances. A spectrophotometry method, of VIS spectrum, was used in evaluation of the EC50. A correlation, between a number of algal cells and the wavelength absorbance at 683 nm, has been determined for this purpose. Following chemicals were tested, 2-[2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]phenyl]acetic acid, (RS)-2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoic acid and N-(4-hydro-xyphenyl)acetamide. An EC50 value was determined for all these substances and also their ecotoxicity has been evaluated.
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UTILIZATION OF ALTERNATIVE TESTS OF BIOTOXICITY FOR DETERMINATION INADVISABILITY OF EXISTING AND/OR POTENTIONAL POLUTANTS
Vašulková, Lucie ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Bednařík, Karel (advisor)
This thesis is focused on attestation of ecotoxicity of octachlorstyrene (OCS), persistent organic pollutant (POP), by biological tests of toxicity. The toxicity of OCS was determined by using two kinds of alternative tests applied on fresh water organisms. First of them, Thamnotoxkit, is based on observation of mobility, immobilization or even killing of crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus. The second one, Daphnotoxkit, applies crustacean Daphnia magna. For purposes of comparison, a standard test of toxicity – so called test of root growth inhibition of Sinapis alba and two fytotests – test of growth inhibition of Lemna minor and test of root growth inhibition of Allium cepa were performed as well.
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Ecotoxicological evaluation of selected monomers using toxicity tests
Šotolová, Ludmila ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Environmental effects of selected monomers, eventually aditives of polymers, will be evaluated by ecotoxicity tests. For this purpose two alternative tests of toxicity: Thamnotoxkit F TM on testing organism Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnotoxkit F TM on testing organism Daphnia magna will be used. Two phytotoxicity tests will be also used: Sinapis alba root growth inhibition toxicity test and Allium cepa L root growth inhibition toxicity test. Obtained results enable calculation of value LC50, EC50 and IC50 for tested substances.
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Assessment of the drinking water treatment plant effectiveness via ecotoxicological tests and screening analyses
Nývltová, Barbora ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The quality of raw water is deteriorating with the continuous increase in environmental pollution. Raw water is being modified to drinking water by technological processes, and it is therefore necessary to put increased demands on the efficiency of these technological processes and their possible innovation. Due to the fact that raw water is contaminated with different types of pollutants, it is necessary to continuously control the drinking water supplied to the public distribution network in order to ensure its quality. Drinking water treatment is still unable to treat the raw water perfectly, its pollution is only reduced to acceptable standards. For this reason, it is indispensable that the quality of drinking water is being checked regularly and at the same time the efficiency of individual technological processes of drinking water treatment is assessed. This includes screening analysis or eventually ecotoxicological tests. The thesis focuses on the efficiency of technological processes of drinking water treatment. Within the experimental part, samples of raw water and samples of water after each separation stage have been collected at the drinking water treatment plant in the Czech Republic. These samples have been subjected to ecotoxicological tests and screening analysis. Based on the ecotoxicological tests carried out on Thamnocephalus platyurus, Lemna minor and Vibrio fischeri, we can assume the emergence of harmful chlorinated by-products, resulting to nearly 100% mortality in T. platyurus. The results of the screening analysis carried out indicate, after the extraction of specimens by the SPE method using HPLC/MS, that the most effective method for the removal of hormonal substances is ozonization.
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Evaluation of the efficiency of root treatment plants via ecotoxicity tests
Konečná, Kateřina ; Procházková, Petra (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the evaluation of the efficiency of root treatment plants using appropriately selected ecotoxicity tests. For these purposes, ecotoxicological tests in an aquatic arrangement were used, specifically with the planktonic organism Thamnocephalus platyurus and the plant Lemna minor. The evaluation was performed at a municipal root treatment plant, which treats water for 955 equivalent inhabitants. The results of tests with T. platyurus confirmed that the root treatment plant sufficiently relieves acute toxicity of water. LC50 values were determined for two samples, 213.71 ml / l for the inflow and 388.20 ml / l for the settling tank. At the outflow, these values could no longer be determined due to the low ecotoxicological effect of the water thus treated. For tests with L. minor, IC50 values were also calculated for the first two samples. For Sample No. 1, the IC50 value was calculated to be 311.25 ml / l, for Sample No. 2 to 963.35 ml / l. However, on the basis of tests of direct toxicity of waters with L. minor, it is possible to confirm even in the case of this organism, a good cleansing effect of this root treatment plant.
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Artificial sweeteners and their potential impact on the ecosystem
Vavrčíková, Veronika ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the determination and ecotoxicological assessment of artificial sweeteners. The diploma was focused on monitoring the most commonly used sweeteners, which includes acesulfam-K, cyclamate, saccharin and sucralose. These sweeteners were analyzed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, using solid phase extraction for their concentration. The samples for their determination were taken from wastewater treatment plant in Modrice. Artificial sweeteners are synthetically produced substances, which is the main reason for their occurrence in waste water. Some of them are not efficiently removed from the wastewater treatment plant and penetrate into the environment. Analysis of the samples was found, that sucralose penetrates into the environment. The ecotoxicological effect of the sweeteners was evaluated via aquatic organisms, namely on the freshwater crustaceans Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnia magna, on the water plant Lemna minor, and the battery of tests was supplemented by a representative of the destructors Vibrio fischeri. For all sweeteners, LC20, EC20 and IC20 values were determined. For some sweeteners, LC50, EC50 and IC50 values were also determined. During testing, saccharin represented the highest toxicity.
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Toxicity Assessment of Firewaters
Rybková, Tereza ; Ličbinský, Roman (referee) ; Adamec, Vladimír (advisor)
The issue of toxic extinguishing water is currently getting more to the fore. When a fire arises a wide range of hazardous substances that may negatively affect the quality of some components of the environment. A significant problem can be then extinguishing water runoff into sewers or some components of the environment. The objective is to assess the ecotoxicological properties of extinguishing water, determine the toxicity of the extinguishing water by experiments and thus contribute to the deepening of knowledge in so very few solved problems.
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Ecotoxicological evaulation of polymeric substances
Milatová, Martina ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Polymers or their modifiers may become parts of a wide range of products. After the end of life cycle useful parts of the products are recycled but significant parts still become household waste. It´s therefore desirable not only by law on chemicals and chemical products, but also according to the requirements of European directive REACH, to assess the impact not only chemical but also the additives of all products or products themselves in terms of their impact on the environment. For these purposes it serves ecotoxicity tests, which allow prediction of the influence test compounds in the environment. In this diploma thesis were evaluated polypropylene modifiers, which are commercially produced. Use of ecotoxicity tests were evaluated maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride effects on the environment. Alternative tests have been used for toxicity and namely Thamnotoxkit FTM the organism Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnotokit FTM the organism Daphnia magna. The phytotoxicity test groups were selected toxicity tests: Sinapis alba root growth inhibition toxicity test, Allium cepa L root growth inhibition toxicity test and Semi-chronic toxicity test on Lemna minor L. From marine toxicity tests was performed Acute inhibition test of brine shrimps Artemia salina.
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