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Archaeobotanical characteristics of plant macroremains of Bronze Age and Iron Age deposits from south Bohemia in settlement and burial contexts
ŠÁLKOVÁ, Tereza
The thesis deals with archaeobotanical analysis and its possible contribution in different types of Bronze Age and Iron Age archaeological contexts. Using this method on selected excavations of the period under study in southern Bohemia, it was possible to capture the species structure of cultivated plants and its development during the studied period. In the context of central Europe, the composition of the plants cultivated in southern Bohemia was closer to the Alpine region in the Early and Middle Bronze Age. In the Late and Final Bronze Age, the composition of the spectrum of cultivated plants in southern Bohemia was distinctive, but closer to the core areas of Bohemia. In the Iron Age, the individual South Bohemian assemblages were different, which was, however, also typical for the Alpine and core areas of Bohemia. However, both of these regions differed from the eastern regions. Archaeobotany made it possible to reconstruct open agricultural landscapes with a high deforestation in the hinterland of hillforts and settlements of the Early and Middle Bronze Age, as well as in the hinterland of model settlements of the Late Bronze Age in the Bechyně region - Hvožďany and Březnice. The deforested landscape was also reflected in the burial on the fringe of the Iron Age settled area in Zahrádka by Český Krumlov. During the period under study the use of plant resources and the economic importance of plant foraging in the hinterland of settlements and around burial sites has been documented. Archaeobotany allowed reconstructing details of the processes related to the deposition of metal hoards in the Bronze Age, processes related to the burial rite and the use of the landscape in the vicinity of the burial sites, as well as processes of waste disposal in the settlements.
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Backfilling pottery in prehistoric mounds
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Věra
Submitted thesis deals with the issue of backfill pottery, specifically with a case study of Mound I, which is part of fifteen mounds near Protivín. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part focuses on the characteristics of mound burials and the issue of backfill pottery in the Bronze Age and in the earlier Iron Age. The second part focuses on the characteristics and treatment of the Mound I. The results of the thesis provide detailed information on the backfill pottery and Mound I, which can serve as a basis for further research and study of this issue.
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Jewel of the Bronze Age in South Bohemia: typo-chronological analysis, finding contexts, social context
NOVÁ, Alena
The aim of the diploma thesis is to provide comprehensive overview of the typological representation of jewellery from the Bronze Age in South Bohemia and try to analyse their structural representation in the finding context during the observed period. In the research part, the general definition of jewellery can be found. In the methodological part, the work futher focuses on descriptors. Based on that the critical analysis of the analysed assemblages is carried out. In the practical part, the hypothesis of possible deposition and traces of use is verified on a selected example of several annular jewels. Items from hoard and burial components are comperaed. Finally a syntesis of the acquired results is presented.
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Bronze Age Settlement in Vinoř-V Žabokřiku
Kleinová, Kateřina ; Bláhová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Smejtek, Lubor (referee)
This study describes results of analysis of findings obtained during the excavation of Knovíz settlement in Praha - Vinoř "V Žabokřiku". One whole above-ground structure was found and few more can be presumed besides the features. The residential area could be separated from the storege area. Great amount of pottery, loom weights, daub, stone industry and individual animal bones was found mostly in bigger features. This settlement represents Knovíz culture in Late Bronze Age (phases Br D - Ha A1) according to the pottery products' analysis. There is no evidence of other cultures. In the site there were breeded domestic animals, we can presume growing and proccessing corn, also textile production. There is no evidence of bronze itams pruduction. Keywords: Central Bohemia - Praha-Vinoř - Bronze Age - Knovíz culture - settlement - pottery
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Paleoenvironmental evolution around Lake Ohrid in the context of ancient settlement
Koubský, Karel ; Hošek, Jan (advisor) ; Abraham, Vojtěch (referee)
Lake Ohrid, the oldest lake in Europe, is an ideal place to study the response of the terrestrial ecosystems to many climatic and environmental changes during the Quaternary. It is also a useful source of information regarding the interactions between man and environment during the Holocene - this applies especially to the Late Bronze Age period and the beginning of the Iron Age, when there were profound changes in landscape management and when lakeside settlements were suddenly abandoned, which is also evident in the palaeobotanical record. This work summarizes the existing knowledge on this issue and presents various possibilities for studying paleoenvironmental development in this area. Key words: Holocene - Lake Ohrid - paleoenvironmental reconstruction - settlement - Bronze Age
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Amber in Bohemia in the Bronze Age
Tisucká, Marika ; Jiráň, Luboš (advisor) ; Bátora, Jozef (referee) ; Chvojka, Ondřej (referee)
Amber in Bohemia in the Bronze Age - Abstract Amber found in archeaological contexts like any sensitive instrument can show the total span of meanings of different historic, economic, cultural, cult, and social traditions and systems of values in the prehistoric Europe. The work synthetically analyzes and evaluates the presence of amber finds in Bohemia during the Bronze Age. Attention is devoted relations to sites and amber artefacts demonstrating the probable course of "amber route". On the path leading from the Baltic coast to the Balkans and Italy and further into the eastern Mediterranean seen as a string, or rather a network of relations, most malleable and flexible, distributed among communities, which is also subject while reflecting internal and external influences, changes and developments. It reflects new amber artefacts and new results of IR spectroscopy. Its results shows, that amber did not came to Bohemia only from the north - from Baltic region; its results proved also rumanit amber. Work is a comprehensive evaluation and interpretation of participation Bohemia in the distribution network of leading amber in the wider European area. Study of the amber and its distribution gives evidence, that there existed vivid exchange, based on variety of connections with distant region sof northern...
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Metallurgy along the East Aegean-West Anatolian Interface in the Second Millennium B.C.
Roháček, Miloš ; Pavúk, Peter (advisor) ; Bouzek, Jan (referee)
(in English): This thesis aims at collecting, cataloguing and analysing bronze objects from the area of the East Aegean-West Anatolian Interface in the second millennium B.C. Based on closer typological assessment and comparanda, the question of eventual local specific production along the Interface, different from the Aegea or Eastern Mediterranean, is being investigated here. From up to 217 collected items, indeed many types of bronzes, especially swords, razors and spearheads indeed show a set of specific features. Also, the characteristic of bronze metals differs in Lower Interface with stronger minoan-mycenaen influnce from items in Upper Interface which seems to be following more anatolian features.
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Archeozoology of the Unetice culture in the light of divergent approaches
Trojánková, Olga ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Kovačiková, Lenka (referee)
This work summarizes results of a comprehensive analyses of the archaeozoological material on the settlement in Vlíněves dating to the Unetice culture (the early Bronze Age, Central Bohemia). The total of 5325 bones and teeth has been analysed within this analysis, 903 of them was determined and used for further analyses. The taxonomic structure of the material with a clear prevalence of domestic mammals was assessed, the proportion of other groups was low (7 species of wild animals). The application of stable isotopes and dental microwear analyses of faunal assemblage, first used in Bohemia in the context of the Bronze Age period, has specified the nature of a dietary base livestock as grassland habitats, and has ruled out a significant ratio of C4 plants and an application of forest pasture. The combined use of domestic animals with an increase emphasis on so-called secondary products (milk and wool) prove a bimodality in kill-off patterns of sheep and goats, height at withers of sheep, which corresponds to the breeds of sheep extended during the bronze age period and to the high mortality profile of cattle. The proposed results of our work are important in this context because they suggest these facts for the early Bronze Age already. In accordance with circumstances at other sits of Unetice...
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The Late Bronze Age settlement at Hostivice, distr. Prague-West (Central Bohemia)
Kvěchová, Eliška ; Bláhová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Chvojka, Ondřej (referee)
Anotation This study describes results of the processing the excavations obtained during a research of Štítary settlement at Hostivice, distr. Prague-West (Central Bohemia). With the help of ceramic reamains, two residential phases were identified that corespond with the shift between the middle and younger degree of culture. The study was concerned with the existence of separate homesteads. They were not proved. The study looks at the form of the pottery at time when social changes are evident in Central Bohemia. Keywords Central Bohemia - Bronze Age - Štítary culture - settlement - pottery
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Chipped stone industry in the context of the Early Bronze Age
Rychtaříková, Tereza ; Limburský, Petr (advisor) ; Šebela, Lubomír (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on studies of chipped stone industry of the Early Bronze Age in Bohemia and deals with questions connected to its occurrence in settlement and burial sites. The first part of this study presents the results of artefact analysis. The anylised complex of artefacts consists of 108 items and originates in following localities: Kolín - ringroad, Pátek near Poděbrady, Polepy near Kolín, Velké Přílepy a Vliněves. The analysis included the typological and morphological characteristics, used material and the links to their position in settlement objects and other finds. The second part of this diploma thesis summarizes present knowledge of prestigious artefacts such as silicite daggers, axes and arrowheads. Furthermore, it investigates the matter of contacts between Central Bohemia and Moravia on the basis of Moravian stone materials distribution. A catalogue of chipped stone industy from Central Bohemia is also included in this diploma thesis.
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