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Investigation of the effect of creatine in combination with magnesium and vitamin C on the performance of the individual person
Vlasák, Jan ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
Creatine is nitrogen-containing organic acid which naturally occurs in the human body. The aim of this work was to determine the optimal dose of creatine in combination with vitamin C and magnesium for male respondents aged 18-26 years. They were divided into two groups differing in the creatine dosage. Group 1 took smaller dose of creatine (3 g per day) and group 2 higher dose of creatine (10 g per day). Both groups took both magnesium and vitamin C at constant doses throughout the study. The effects of significantly different dose of creatine in the individual groups were compared with each other in terms of the performance of individuals in the powerlifting, the anthropological changes and the overal metabolism of the intakes. In all disciplines of powerlifting, group 1 recorded higher average weight gains, which were not found to be statistically significant at a significance level of alpha 0,05. Anthropological changes were measured using the InBody 160 and a diagnostic measuring tape. In both cases, group 1 recorded better results than group 2, but these results were not statistically significant at a significance level of alpha 0,05. The total metabolism of the accepted dietary supplements was investigated through analytical methods. The urine of each respondent was regularly collected and subsequently analyzed during the research. Determination of creatinine, a creatine waste product, was performed by UV-VIS spectrophotometry using the Jaffe reaction. Vitamin C was analyzed by RP-HPLC. Magnesium was determined by the ICP-OES method. After creatine suplemantion of 3 per day, group 1 showed a slight increase in creatinine in the urine, but still in the physiological range. At the significance level alpha 0,05 there was no statistically significant difference. Group 2 showed an increase above the physiological limit which was already a statistically significant difference. Overall, creatine supplementation of 3 g per day has been found as a sufficient intake of creatine needed to build up muscle mass, increase energy metabolism and overall physical performance. The metabolization itself works very well and within the physiological values.
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The use of MR spectroscopy in neurosurgery
Malucelli, Alberto ; Hájek, Milan (advisor) ; Ryznarová, Zuzana (referee) ; Vaverka, Miroslav (referee)
Proton MR spectroscopy is a non-invasive tool for measuring in vivo concentrations of several metabolites. The aim of this thesis was to test its applicability and reliability in neurosurgical praxis. In the first part of the study multiple MR spectroscopy methods were applied in a group of patients after surgery and oncologic treatment for high-grade glioma to test which method performed best in discriminating recurrent tumor from radionecrosis in the presence of a new enhancing lesion. The best diagnostic yield was achieved by comparison of choline, creatine and lactate between lesion and contralateral side (sensitivity 93.3%, specificity 78.6%). Creatine was significantly decreased in patients compared to controls. The inhibiting effect of ongoing oncologic treatment on cerebral and tumoral metabolism makes differential diagnosis trickier. Therefore, a diagnosis of radionecrosis assessed during ongoing radio- and chemotherapy should be confirmed after its completion. In the second part of the study MR spectroscopy data was compared with MR hippocampal volumetry and transcranial doppler examination in a cohort of patients with unilateral occlusion of the internal carotid artery. The N-acetylaspartate/choline ratio and hippocampal volume were significantly lower in both hemispheres of patients...
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Non-shivering thermogenesis - UCP1 and other alternative mechanisms
Kružíková, Nikola ; Zouhar, Petr (advisor) ; Tauchmannová, Kateřina (referee)
Adaptive thermogenesis is a natural mechanism by which endothermic organisms increase their basal metabolic rate to maintain stable body temperature. During acute exposure to subthermoneutral temperatures, the first reaction of organism is shivering which is gradually replaced by nonshivering thermogenesis. Nonshivering thermogenesis in mammals is associated with a UCP1 protein located in the inner mitochondrial membrane in adipose cells. In active mode, UCP1 uncouples respiratory chain from ATP synthesis and by that significantly increases metabolic rate. Apart from UCP1, some alternative mechanisms of nonshivering thermogenesis were suggested - namely: sarcolipin uncoupling ATP hydrolysis from pumping calcium ions through SERCA pump in skeletal muscle, phosphocreatine hydrolysis in adipose tissue or futile cycling of triacylglycerols and fatty acids reesterification. However, to date, there is rather indirect and not generally accepted evidence that these mechanisms contribute significantly to adaptive nonshivering thermogenesis. Better understanding of the nonshivering thermogenesis processes would be of great clinical importance as it could allow identification of potential targets for pharmacological manipulation of energy expenditure and thus provide novel methods for reducing obesity and...
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Creatine monohydrate as a part of sarcopenia prevention in geriatric patients
Šaier, Martin ; Vágnerová, Tereza (advisor) ; Topinková, Eva (referee)
Introduction: Sarcopenia is a disease with a high prevalence in the elderly population and a significant negative impact on quality of life. Physical activity along with adequate nutritional intervention are key to mitigating these effects. Methods: The research was conducted using a questionnaire survey in which 113 nursing homes participated. The quality of nutritional care in these facilities was determined using a survey. Results: A total of 113 nursing homes were included in the research. Of these, 57% of facilities had a registered dietitian available. Nursing homes assess the presence of malnutrition at least 4 times a year in 74% of cases, of which they most often use changes in weight (80 %) and monitoring of food intake (70 %). Only 50 % of the facilities use validated nutritional screening tool. 83 % of the facilities apply nutritional support, most often in the form of diet modification and sipping (98 %). They use food fortifications less often, in a total of 57 % of facilities. The presence of a registered dietitian is affected by the size of the facility, with the larger ones being available to the registered dietitian at a higher frequency. The presence of a registered dietitian in the facility significantly positively affects the frequency of detection of malnutrition (P = 0.039)....
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The role of creatine and branched chain amino acids supplementation in muscle physiology and its possible clinical use
Zacpálek, Pavel ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Heleš, Mário (referee)
(in English) Creatine kinase system could be considered the energetic frontline of a cell. It creates and maintains a cellular energy storage and at the same time enables the very fastest response to a high energy demand. Aims of this thesis were to thoroughly describe the creatine kinase system, its role in the energy metabolism and metabolism of creatine molecule itself. As a popular nutritional supplement, there was an emphasis on creatine's impact on the physiology of skeletal muscle and also its higher intake. Furthermore some of the creatine-related disorders were described, as well as research of their treatment. Lastly, the branch-chained amino acids were researched for possible synergic effect with creatine, connection between these two was found through the mTOR signalling pathway.
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Investigation of the effect of creatine in combination with magnesium and vitamin C on the performance of the individual person
Vlasák, Jan ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
Creatine is nitrogen-containing organic acid which naturally occurs in the human body. The aim of this work was to determine the optimal dose of creatine in combination with vitamin C and magnesium for male respondents aged 18-26 years. They were divided into two groups differing in the creatine dosage. Group 1 took smaller dose of creatine (3 g per day) and group 2 higher dose of creatine (10 g per day). Both groups took both magnesium and vitamin C at constant doses throughout the study. The effects of significantly different dose of creatine in the individual groups were compared with each other in terms of the performance of individuals in the powerlifting, the anthropological changes and the overal metabolism of the intakes. In all disciplines of powerlifting, group 1 recorded higher average weight gains, which were not found to be statistically significant at a significance level of alpha 0,05. Anthropological changes were measured using the InBody 160 and a diagnostic measuring tape. In both cases, group 1 recorded better results than group 2, but these results were not statistically significant at a significance level of alpha 0,05. The total metabolism of the accepted dietary supplements was investigated through analytical methods. The urine of each respondent was regularly collected and subsequently analyzed during the research. Determination of creatinine, a creatine waste product, was performed by UV-VIS spectrophotometry using the Jaffe reaction. Vitamin C was analyzed by RP-HPLC. Magnesium was determined by the ICP-OES method. After creatine suplemantion of 3 per day, group 1 showed a slight increase in creatinine in the urine, but still in the physiological range. At the significance level alpha 0,05 there was no statistically significant difference. Group 2 showed an increase above the physiological limit which was already a statistically significant difference. Overall, creatine supplementation of 3 g per day has been found as a sufficient intake of creatine needed to build up muscle mass, increase energy metabolism and overall physical performance. The metabolization itself works very well and within the physiological values.
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Creatine and Carnitine Use in Sport
Vodičková, Věra ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Boudová, Lea (referee)
5 Abstrakt Kreatin je z 95 % obsažen v kosterních svalech, kde je z 65 % fosforylován na kreatinfosfát. Denní potřeba 2 g je kryta příjmem z potravy a biosyntézou. Systém kreatin - kreatinfosfát slouží ve svalech pro rychlou regeneraci ATP, pro vyrovnávání pH a podílí se na růstu svalové hmoty. Základní a prokazatelně účinnou formou suplementů je kreatin monohydrát, jiné preparáty nejsou účinnější. Podávání kreatinu je bezpečné, potvrzeným nežádoucím účinkem je pouze nárůst hmotnosti a trávící obtíže. Je prokazatelně efektivní pro zvýšení výkonnosti, zejména při opakované krátkodobé intenzivní zátěži a v silových disciplínách. Nejúčinnějším postupem podávání je využívání tzv. plnící fáze, následované fází udržovací a pauzou, které se v cyklech opakují. Účinnost zvyšuje současné podání sacharidů. Nárůst výkonnosti koreluje s velikostí nárůstu obsahu kreatinu ve svalech, která závisí na velikosti jeho zásob před zahájením suplementace. Karnitin se vyskytuje ve dvou optických formách, ovšem pouze L-forma je metabolicky účinná a bezpečná. Jeho hlavní funkcí je přenos aktivovaných mastných kyselin do matrix mitochondrie, kde probíhá jejich β-oxidace. Denní potřeba karnitinu je z 25 % kryta biosyntézou, zbylých 75 % ...
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Dietary supplements in sport nutrition and possibilities of monitoring their effect on efficiency of sportsman.
Vlčková, Lenka ; Hrstka, Miroslav (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
This work deals with dietary supplements intake and its impact on the performance rise and muscle mass growth of bodybuilders. Twenty-five students (bodybuilders) were chosen for the purpose of this survey; they were divided into four groups according to the dosage of creatine and other dietary supplements (proteins and maltodextrine). Changes of the measured parameters (weight; bustline; weistline; limb girth; body lipid content; creatine and urea content in the urine) were compared during the survey. The tested dietary supplements impact on the muscle mass growth was evaluated on the basis of the acquired results.
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DOES ONE MONTH CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVE BLOOD LIPIDS?
Kohlíková, E. ; Petr, M. ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Heyrovský, Michael ; Přistoupilová, K. ; Přistoupil, T. I.
One month’s administration of creatine (CR) in the dose of 5 g/day to 11 young active sportsmen affected their daily amount of CR excreted into urine, and the levels of cholesterol (CH), of triacylglycerols (TAG), of vitamin B12 and of folates in blood. The probands were divided into 4 groups, according to the amount of CR found in urine, and of folates and vitamin B12 determined in blood. It is possible that added CR might induce individually higher offer of 2C units, released under catalysis of vitamin B12 from HoCySH and serine in enzymatic reaction catalyzed by CBS, and in this way higher offer of cysteine and succinyl-CoA This is the main effect of CR in the group D. Both vitamins influence the ratio between glycine (necessary mainly for CR synthesis, beside other metabolic pathways) and serine. The change of serine into glycine can be realized by THF, under catalysis of serine hydroxymethyltransferase. For the opposite change of glycine into serine the metabolic pathway is catalyzed by folates too, but in more complicated way
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Voltammetric determination of anticancer drug flutamide at screen-printed carbon electrodes
Vyskočil, V. ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Barek, J.
Flutamide, 4-nitro-3-trifluoromethyl-isobutylanilide, is the active component of a synthetic nonsteroidal antiandrogen drug, which is commonly used in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. In this contribution, optimum conditions have been found vor voltammetric determination of flutamide by DC voltammetry (DCV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). Under optimum conditions (Britton-Robinson buffer pH 7.0 - methanol (9:1)), linear calibration curves were measure with limits of quantification 6x10(-7) molL(-1) and 8x10(-7) molL(-1) for DCV at SPCEs, respectively. The newly developed methods were successfully applied to the determination of the drug in pharmaceutical formulation Apo-Flutamide (Eulexin tablets).
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