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Polarographic analysis of water
Klečka, Tomáš ; Rozman, Jiří (referee) ; Čížek, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor's project creates the necessary theoretical foundation of polarography and voltametry in the first part, which is needed to successful measurement using these technics. In the second part there is realized measurement with anodic stripping voltametry and accomplished evaluation in MATLAB. Finally there is example of procedure for laboratory task with polarograph.
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Mass Spectrometry
Smejkalová, Tereza ; Baumgartnerová, Alena (referee) ; Krhutová, Milena (advisor)
Hmotnostní spektrometrie je metoda analytické chemie používaná k analýze organických i anorganických sloučenin. O tomto tématu se běžně dozvídáme z prací týkajících se chemie, protože tato metoda může být využita k identifikaci mnoha druhů sloučenin. Vlastní fungování přístrojů používaných v hmotnostní spektrometrii ale musíme hledat ve specializovaných knihách zaměřených na tuto metodu a tyto informace jsou obvykle popsané velmi komplikovaně. Proto jsem se rozhodla napsat práci, která uvádí základní informace o hmotnostní spektrometrii z pohledu elektrotechniky, srozumitelně popisuje jednotlivé fáze této metody a která nebude zaměřena na výstup analýzy, ale na technický proces. V druhé části práce se věnuji praktickému použití hmotnostních spektrometrů v průmyslu při testování těsnosti produktů a typům testování těsnosti, vysvětluji důležité termíny a detailně popisuji spektrometr LDS3000. Mým záměrem je ukázat, že tato metoda je skutečně zajímavá a poutavá a chci ji proto představit ostatním.
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Determination of calcium in food supplements
Hubčuková, Karmelita ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Sobotníková, Jana (referee)
Tato bakalářská práce byla zaměřena na stanovení vápníku ve vybraných potravinových doplňcích s využitím plamenové atomové absorpční spektrometrie. Nejdříve byla prováděna optimalizace podmínek s využitím plamene acetylen-vzduch a následně s využitím plamene acetylen-oxid dusný. Optimalizovanými parametry byla výška paprsku nad hranou hořáku, horizontální poloha hořáku, šířka absorpčního prostředí, průtoková rychlost acetylenu a oxidu dusného. Byla sestrojena kalibrační závislost stanovení vápenatých iontů a odpovídající meze detekce a stanovitelnosti. Následně byly vybrané vzorky potravinových doplňků několika způsoby převedeny do roztoku. Vyzkoušeno bylo rozpouštění v deionizované vodě, rozpouštění v koncentrované kyselině dusičné a rozklad pomocí mikrovlnného tlakového zařízení. Experimentálně bylo stanoveno množství vápníku v potravinových doplňcích, které bylo porovnáváno s údaji uvedenými od výrobce. Správnost měření byla ověřena analýzou referenčního materiálu.
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Preparation and testing of capillary packed column sephadex G-10
Tolasz, Jakub ; Coufal, Pavel (advisor) ; Sobotníková, Jana (referee)
Sephadex is a common sorbent in biochemistry for separation of molecules of a wide range of molecular masses. Sephadex is also used for purification or desalination of isolated proteins. Up to now, the gel chromatography has been performed in wide separation columns. Therefore, the isolation techniques for proteins had to be very effective to isolate enough proteins as a sufficient amount of the sample. The preparation and application of a capillary separation column packed with sephadex could decrease the needed sample amount and enable work with hardly isolable proteins obtained only in small quantities. In this bachelor project, the capillary column was packed with sephadex using the slurry packing procedure. The principle of monolithic columns was used to create a gel in the column. The column was packed in organic solvent firs, and then hydrated when flushing with water to generate the gel.
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Analysis of sensory and toxicologically important compounds in beer
Vrzal, Tomáš
One of the most relevant group of toxicologically significant compounds in beer are N-nitrosamines. In this thesis, the attention was paid especially on non-volatile nitroso compounds whose concentrations in beer, a chemical structure, and a biological effect has not been known yet. For the reason of the lack of knowledge regarding this compound group, the method for their sensitive detection by chemiluminescence detection after gas chromatographic separation was developed. This method permits a classification of detected nitroso compounds to different groups (N-nitroso, C-nitroso, and combination of C-nitroso and nitro) and distinguish them from interferences. The method is based on recording of a pyrolytic profile of each chromatographic peak, the profiles are then processed by discriminant analysis. The method has been developed for finding and structural identification purposes of these unknown compounds. Its application on an artificially nitrosated beer sample, together with gas chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric analysis, led to structural identification of several representatives of nitroso compounds. Sensory active compounds in this thesis are represented by carbonyl compounds and fatty acids. Carbonyl compounds - furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural - were used during the development...
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Plynová chromatografie v bioplynových technologiích se zaměřením na analýzu plynu
Růžička, Daniel
Gas chromatography is one of the most modern and most used methods in analytical chemistry. Its variability predetermines it for use in many fields to determine the contents of many different chemicals. The use of gas chromatography (laboratory and field) is still underestimated for biogas technologies. The aim of the work is to in-troduce students to the possibilities of gas chromatography for biogas technologies, to the basics of methodological procedures for individual types of analyzes (research) with the subsequent analysis of selected biogas technologies (practically). The aim ofthe work is to acquire the basic skills of gas chromatography and the possibility of sepa-rate operation of the device. The work is suitable for students of non-chemical discipli-nes. The practical part is particularly demanding for accuracy and cleanliness.
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Determination of manganese in food supplements by atomic absorption spectrometry
Melicharová, Zuzana ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Šíma, Jan (referee)
EN The main content of this thesis was the determination of manganese in the form of manganese ions in food supplements by the atomic absorption spectrometry. It was necessary to find the optimum conditions for this method, to conduct interference studies, to find a suitable way of transferring samples into solution and to determin manganese to achieve this goal. Following parameters were examined in optimalization study: beam height above burner edge, burner horizontal position, acetylene flow rate, torch angle, and spectral interval width. Copper, iron, sodium and calcium ions were investigated as interferents as they were present at the highest concentration in selected food supplements. The conversion of solid samples into solution was carried out in water and nitric acid at a room temperature as well as elevated temperature. These food supplements were selected for analysis: Calibrum 50 Plus, Caltrate Plus, Center A to Iron, DAS Gesunde Plus A-Z Multispectrum, GS Extra Strong Multivitamin, Spectrum 50+ and Supradyn Energy Complex. The manganese assay was performed on a GBC 933 AA spectrophotometer. Standard solutions were measured to determine the detection limit and the limit of determination of the instrument. The detection limit was 0.001 mg/l and the limit of determination was 0.004 mg/l...
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Mass Spectrometry
Smejkalová, Tereza ; Baumgartnerová, Alena (referee) ; Krhutová, Milena (advisor)
Hmotnostní spektrometrie je metoda analytické chemie používaná k analýze organických i anorganických sloučenin. O tomto tématu se běžně dozvídáme z prací týkajících se chemie, protože tato metoda může být využita k identifikaci mnoha druhů sloučenin. Vlastní fungování přístrojů používaných v hmotnostní spektrometrii ale musíme hledat ve specializovaných knihách zaměřených na tuto metodu a tyto informace jsou obvykle popsané velmi komplikovaně. Proto jsem se rozhodla napsat práci, která uvádí základní informace o hmotnostní spektrometrii z pohledu elektrotechniky, srozumitelně popisuje jednotlivé fáze této metody a která nebude zaměřena na výstup analýzy, ale na technický proces. V druhé části práce se věnuji praktickému použití hmotnostních spektrometrů v průmyslu při testování těsnosti produktů a typům testování těsnosti, vysvětluji důležité termíny a detailně popisuji spektrometr LDS3000. Mým záměrem je ukázat, že tato metoda je skutečně zajímavá a poutavá a chci ji proto představit ostatním.
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Analysis of sensory and toxicologically important compounds in beer
Vrzal, Tomáš
One of the most relevant group of toxicologically significant compounds in beer are N-nitrosamines. In this thesis, the attention was paid especially on non-volatile nitroso compounds whose concentrations in beer, a chemical structure, and a biological effect has not been known yet. For the reason of the lack of knowledge regarding this compound group, the method for their sensitive detection by chemiluminescence detection after gas chromatographic separation was developed. This method permits a classification of detected nitroso compounds to different groups (N-nitroso, C-nitroso, and combination of C-nitroso and nitro) and distinguish them from interferences. The method is based on recording of a pyrolytic profile of each chromatographic peak, the profiles are then processed by discriminant analysis. The method has been developed for finding and structural identification purposes of these unknown compounds. Its application on an artificially nitrosated beer sample, together with gas chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric analysis, led to structural identification of several representatives of nitroso compounds. Sensory active compounds in this thesis are represented by carbonyl compounds and fatty acids. Carbonyl compounds - furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural - were used during the development...
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Analysis of sensory and toxicologically important compounds in beer
Vrzal, Tomáš ; Čabala, Radomír (advisor) ; ADAM, Martin (referee) ; Feltl, Ladislav (referee)
One of the most relevant group of toxicologically significant compounds in beer are N-nitrosamines. In this thesis, the attention was paid especially on non-volatile nitroso compounds whose concentrations in beer, a chemical structure, and a biological effect has not been known yet. For the reason of the lack of knowledge regarding this compound group, the method for their sensitive detection by chemiluminescence detection after gas chromatographic separation was developed. This method permits a classification of detected nitroso compounds to different groups (N-nitroso, C-nitroso, and combination of C-nitroso and nitro) and distinguish them from interferences. The method is based on recording of a pyrolytic profile of each chromatographic peak, the profiles are then processed by discriminant analysis. The method has been developed for finding and structural identification purposes of these unknown compounds. Its application on an artificially nitrosated beer sample, together with gas chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric analysis, led to structural identification of several representatives of nitroso compounds. Sensory active compounds in this thesis are represented by carbonyl compounds and fatty acids. Carbonyl compounds - furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural - were used during the development...
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