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Sex education of adolescents in Ghana
Ashamatey, Felicia Natacha
The study of sexuality education in Ghana's public schools is the main topic of the Diploma Thesis. A system of medical and educational techniques called comprehensive sexuality education helps people learn a wide range of aspects of human sexuality. The research materials were obtained during August and September 2022, when students had extended breaks. All 109 participants' responses were analysed using statistical software. The study's findings demonstrate a widespread viewpoint on the necessity of introducing more context-sensitive (81% of survey participants) received sexuality education. It places a strong emphasis on how parents and teachers shape teenagers. According to 31% of the students, the primary educational trend is toward abstinence as a means of preventing sexually transmitted illnesses. Additionally, it was shown that there is a relationship between gender and the way children are taught; women are taught about abstinence more than males, and 37% of women were unaware of any other forms of contraception save abstinence. While it is unimportant, there is no correlation between sexual awareness and religiosity. The study also reveals that the majority of respondents (98%) are assured in their decisions regarding sexuality and have strong opinions about their sexual behaviour.
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The effect of long-term morphine and its withdrawal on selected signaling proteins in rat heart
Ilková, Karolina ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Černá, Věra (referee)
Morphine is considered the gold standard among analgesics in the treatment of severe pain due to its effects mediated by μ-opioid receptors. However, it also produces various side effects and poses a high risk of developing tolerance and dependence. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to contribute to the elucidation of the action of morphine at the molecular level in cardiac muscle. Changes of protein levels in key signaling molecules in the signaling cascade induced by morphine administration with increasing doses and subsequent abstinence for 24 hours, 1 month and 3 months were investigated. Specifically, these were adenosine A2b receptor, β2-adrenergic receptor, κ-opioid receptor, G protein subunits, GRK5 kinase, and β-arrestin 2. Data of changes in expression were obtained from cardiac tissue homogenates (left ventricle) by Western blot followed by immunodetection, captured on light-sensitive photofilms, and statistically evaluated by ANOVA. Morphine administration did not lead to statistically significant changes in G protein subunits, β- arrestin 2, GRK5 kinase, adenosine A2b receptor, β2-adrenergic receptor, or κ-opioid receptor in rat heart. Therefore in order to develop better and safer analgesics, there is a high necessity of understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of morphine...
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Abstinence among young adults
Dočkalová, Barbora
Based on current research and yearly reports of consumption of addictive substances where the Czech Republic repeatedly ends up at the top of the rankings while also having fewer people who abstain from addictive substances in comparison to European standards, we've decided to understand more about the experience of people who abstain. So far the research wasn't too focused on the people who abstain from addictive substances therefore the aim of this work is to get a holistic perspective of their lives. A group of young adults who have been abstaining from addictive substances for some time and therefore can reflect on their experiences have been selected as participants in the study. Fifteen different experiences with abstinence have been collected through semi-structured interviews. The first phase of data analysis (Analysis I) reviews and compares the responses, and in the second phase (Analysis II) we've worked with the central category that is common among the interviews. Psychological resilience has been established as a strong common basis among all respondents which represents a supportive factor against conformity to a society that has different patterns of consumption of addictive substances than respondents. In the final section of the thesis, we've suggested a dynamic model of factors...
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The importance of group work during addiction treatment and risks thereof
JONÁŠOVÁ, Andrea
The aim of this thesis is to describe and to evaluate the importance of group therapy during the treatment of addictions in the process of healing and social functioning of an individual and to identify the risks of group therapy. The theoretical part describes possible causes and personal presuppositions concerning the origin of addictions. It focuses on the importance of influence from one's family and raising, and how they affect addictions, codependency, psychotherapeutic approaches and models of family systems. The theoretical part furthermore characterizes group therapy, its techniques and methods, and specifies the matters, which can accompany the participants. In the practical part are processed data gained from questionnaires of respondents from therapeutical communities and after-treatment centers, who designated each group therapy, according to the perceived benefits and popularity in an ongoing treatment. The point of the research is to evaluate the relevancy of group therapy by addicted persons, to map the relevancy of each group therapy during the resolution of social issues and the acquirance of skills, and to summarize which therapeutical approaches are expected by the clients during their treatment, if they consciously approach the treatment, which factors act as healing, and which risks can accompany the treatment.
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A man in consecrated life and his relationship to women
MATYSKA, Stanislav
The aim of this thesis is to describe the history of celibacy in the Roman Catholic Church, to state the reasons why celibacy was introduced as obligatory for persons in consecrated life, and to comment on objections to it. There was described the history of celibacy from Jesus Christ to the Second Vatican Council, the theological and practical reasons for celibacy were given, as well as the most common objections to it with the arguments of the ecclesiastical authorities that defend celibacy. From its inception, the Church tended to introduce celibacy, but did not introduce it as a duty until 1139 at the Second Lateran Council. All subsequent councils have confirmed this law. The main theological reason for celibacy is the paragon in Jesus Christ, and for practical reasons it is above all freedom and time, thanks to which the celibate can devote himself fully to God or the Church.
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The effect of morphine withdrawal on G protein-coupled receptors and redox balance in rat brain
Kočárková, Veronika ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Černá, Barbora (referee)
Although morphine is one of the most effective analgesics available, its long-term use is severely limited by the development of tolerance and dependence. Molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects have been the focus of intensive research for decades aimed at developing safer and more effective pain treatments. The aim of this thesis was to contribute to a better understanding of the molecular actions of morphine, as an understanding of these processes is essential to develop better therapeutic approaches. Using western blot analysis, we investigated the effect of 10-day treatment with increasing doses of morphine and its subsequent withdrawal on key components of opioid signalling in the rat cerebellum and cerebral cortex. Amounts of opioid receptors, various heterotrimeric G protein subunits, GRK3 kinase and β-arrestin 2 were examined. Furthermore, the levels of adenosine A3 receptor and cannabinoid receptor type 1 were detected. Finally, we also investigated the effect of morphine and its withdrawal on oxidative stress markers. Morphine administration resulted in a significant decrease in GRK3 kinase levels in both brain regions, and these changes remained even after withdrawal. However, there was no significant change observed in the content of opioid receptors, different G protein...
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Abstinence among young adults
Dočkalová, Barbora ; Krejčí, Josef (advisor) ; Chrz, Vladimír (referee)
Based on current research and yearly reports of consumption of addictive substances where the Czech Republic repeatedly ends up at the top of the rankings while also having fewer people who abstain from addictive substances in comparison to European standards, we've decided to understand more about the experience of people who abstain. So far the research wasn't too focused on the people who abstain from addictive substances therefore the aim of this work is to get a holistic perspective of their lives. A group of young adults who have been abstaining from addictive substances for some time and therefore can reflect on their experiences have been selected as participants in the study. Fifteen different experiences with abstinence have been collected through semi-structured interviews. The first phase of data analysis (Analysis I) reviews and compares the responses, and in the second phase (Analysis II) we've worked with the central category that is common among the interviews. Psychological resilience has been established as a strong common basis among all respondents which represents a supportive factor against conformity to a society that has different patterns of consumption of addictive substances than respondents. In the final section of the thesis, we've suggested a dynamic model of factors...
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Immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of selected signaling molecules in rat brain: the effect of morphine withdrawal
Přítulová, Eliška ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Mrózková, Petra (referee)
Morphine is one of the most commonly used analgesics for pain, but its clinical use may be accompanied by the development of tolerance and dependence. Abuse of morphine can then lead to the development of severe withdrawal symptoms. Given the knowledge gathered so far, morphine addiction research often examines the impact on areas of the brain involved in the reward system. The main goal of this work was to investigate the effect of long-term administration of morphine and morphine withdrawal on certain signaling molecules that are related to the molecular action of opioids in selected areas of the rat brain. We focused on the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and its active phosphorylated form (pCREB), as well as on G-protein signaling regulator RGS4. Our results indicated that morphine administration may cause a decrease in CREB expression in the basolateral amygdala in morphine-affected rats. We also found a reduction in CREB phosphorylation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, possibly due to morphine withdrawal for three months. In this study, we did not observe any statistically significant changes in RGS4 expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus due to morphine administration and subsequent morphine withdrawal. Key words: morphine, dependence, withdrawal, rat brain,...
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Secondary and terciary prevention of addictive substance
Kurz, Roman ; Šotolová, Eva (advisor) ; Mlčková, Marie (referee)
My final work is about three basic types of prevention, which are used in the field of narcotic's prevention. It's mostly about secondary and tertiary prevention. Besides the basic terminology you can read about the details of differents preventions, who is responsible for it and also about the treatment of addictive behaviours. In my work you can also find the descriptions of legal and illegal narcotics, which excessive using leads to jones. The questions in the questionaire were created with a respect to the respondents - they are the clients of the mental treatment, who decided to help themselves (sometimes not for the first time).
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