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EV smart charging and BESS in increasing the PV hosting capacity of distribution networks
Filip, Robin ; Lehtonen, Matti (referee) ; Paar, Martin (advisor)
Diplomová práce se zabývá dopadem nabíjení elektrických vozidel a bateriových úložišť na schopnost distribučních sítí nízkého napětí absorbovat fotovoltaické systémy. Převážně venkovské, příměstské a převážně městské regiony s různými stupni penetrace nekontrolovaně i kontrolovaně nabíjených elektromobilů jsou analyzovány Monte Carlo simulacemi. Hostingová kapacita je také analyzována, jestliže jsou elektrická vozidla jak nahrazena, tak doplněna domácími bateriovými úložišti. Práce je zakončena krátkou analýzou využitelnosti BESS.
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Monte Carlo simulations of electron scattering in scanning transmission electron microscopy
Záchej, Samuel ; Hrubanová, Kamila (referee) ; Krzyžánek, Vladislav (advisor)
This thesis deals with an electron scattering in STEM microscopy on objects with dif-ferent shapes, such as cuboid, sphere and hollow capsule. Monte Carlo simulations are used for description of multiple electron scattering. Except the theoretical analysis of the electron scattering and simulation methods, the thesis contains design and realiza-tion of an algorithm simulating electron scattering in given objects. In addition, there is a design for robustness evaluation of the simulation, based on comparison between results and known signals for a given object. Reliability of the algorithm was verified by experimental measurements of the electron scattering on a carbon layer.
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Optimization of scintillation detector for detection of low energy signal electrons in electron microscopy
Tihlaříková, Eva ; Kadlec, Jaromír (referee) ; Uruba, Václav (referee) ; Neděla, Vilém (advisor)
The dissertation thesis deals with optimization of the scintillation detector for efficient detection of low energy signal electrons in a specimen chamber of a scanning electron microscope. The solution was based on the study of signal electron energy loss mechanisms during their interaction with a conductive layer and a scintillator that can be studied using simulations based on the stochastics Monte Carlo methods. Based on test simulations and their comparison with experimental data, the ideal Monte Carlo software was chosen and used for the study of signal electron energy losses during their transport through the conductive layer as well as following interaction with scintillator, in dependency on the signal electron energy. Simulation results allowed to define criteria for the optimization of the conductive layer. According to these parameters, the optimized layers were deposited on the surface of different scintillators and experimentally tested in the scintillation detector of the scanning electron microscope. Experimental measurements allowed to verify accomplished simulations and provide new information about impact of materials and thicknesses of conductive layers in combination with materials of scintillators and light guides. The increase of the detection efficiency of the scintillation detector equipped with optimised conductive layers and its capability to detect low energy signal electrons were experimentally proved.
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A comparison of effective and functional connectivity methods in fMRI
Gajdoš, Martin ; Schwarz, Daniel (referee) ; Jan, Jiří (advisor)
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is recent important method, used in neuroimaging. The aim of this thesis is to develop software tool for comparison of two methods for functional and effective connectivity estimation. In this thesis are described the basics of magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI, basic terms of fMRI experiments and generally are described methods of functional and effective connectivity. Then are more detailed mentioned methods of dynamic causal modeling (DCM), Granger causal modeling (GCM) and independent component analysis (ICA). Practical implementation of DCM in toolbox SMP and ICA in toolbox GIFT is also mentioned. In purpose to describe behavior of DCM and GCM in dependence on several parameters are performed Monte Carlo simulations. Then the concept and realization of software tool for simulating connectivity and comparison of DCM and GCM are described. Finally results of DCM and GCM comparison and results of Monte Carlo simulations are discussed.
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Multivariate goodness-of-fit tests
Kuc, Petr ; Hlávka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Antoch, Jaromír (referee)
In this thesis we introduce, implement and compare several multivariate goodness-of-fit tests. First of all, we will focus on universal mul- tivariate tests that do not place any assumptions on parametric families of null distributions. Thereafter, we will be concerned with testing of multi- variate normality and, by using Monte Carlo simulations, we will compare power of five different tests of bivariate normality against several alternati- ves. Then we describe multivariate skew-normal distribution and propose a new test of multivariate skew-normality based on empirical moment genera- ting functions. In the final analysis, we compare its power with other tests of multivariate skew-normality. 1
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EV smart charging and BESS in increasing the PV hosting capacity of distribution networks
Filip, Robin ; Lehtonen, Matti (referee) ; Paar, Martin (advisor)
Diplomová práce se zabývá dopadem nabíjení elektrických vozidel a bateriových úložišť na schopnost distribučních sítí nízkého napětí absorbovat fotovoltaické systémy. Převážně venkovské, příměstské a převážně městské regiony s různými stupni penetrace nekontrolovaně i kontrolovaně nabíjených elektromobilů jsou analyzovány Monte Carlo simulacemi. Hostingová kapacita je také analyzována, jestliže jsou elektrická vozidla jak nahrazena, tak doplněna domácími bateriovými úložišti. Práce je zakončena krátkou analýzou využitelnosti BESS.
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Theoretical description and simulation of polymer network formation
Premus, Jan ; Šomvársky, Ján (advisor) ; Dušek, Karel (referee)
One of methods for description of formation and structure of polymer ne- tworks is used in the work - combination of chemical kinetics and theory of branching processes (TVP) with correlations to neighbors. Main output of this work is computer program, whose purpose is setting up of rooted fragments of given size, differential equations for their concentrations and calculation of se- lected structural parameters using TVP. Gel points for systems formed by three and fourfunctional monomer and combination of two and threefunctional mono- mer were computated in this way. Chemical simulation of molecules was used as reference value. Larger correlation distance (larger size of fragments) led to more accurate results. Calculation of system parameters using TVP allowed study of gel parameters, concentrations of elastically active chains for all studied systems is shown in the work. 1
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Modeling of nanofibers interaction with the environment
Klicmanová, I. ; Sveshnikov, Alexey
Nanomaterials change our life. Every day they find applications in new branches of technology. At the same time, some branches of technology, like civil engineering, are rather conservative and do not accept new approaches lightly. Nanotextiles exhibit a number of qualities that make them a promising material for civil engineering applications. They can potentially play a role of filters, protective layers, armature and others. Properties of the nanotextiles can be significantly influenced by parameters of technological process. Pure experimental search of the optimal technological parameters to achieve the desired properties of the final material can be very tedious. Thus, a theoretical dependence of the properties of the nanotextile on parameters of the technological process must be established. Two independent tasks must be solved for this: the dependence of nanotextile structure on technological parameters, and determination of physical, chemical or biological properties of a nanotextile of a given structure. In this paper we discuss steps necessary for the solution of the second task.
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Optimization of scintillation detector for detection of low energy signal electrons in electron microscopy
Tihlaříková, Eva ; Kadlec, Jaromír (referee) ; Uruba, Václav (referee) ; Neděla, Vilém (advisor)
The dissertation thesis deals with optimization of the scintillation detector for efficient detection of low energy signal electrons in a specimen chamber of a scanning electron microscope. The solution was based on the study of signal electron energy loss mechanisms during their interaction with a conductive layer and a scintillator that can be studied using simulations based on the stochastics Monte Carlo methods. Based on test simulations and their comparison with experimental data, the ideal Monte Carlo software was chosen and used for the study of signal electron energy losses during their transport through the conductive layer as well as following interaction with scintillator, in dependency on the signal electron energy. Simulation results allowed to define criteria for the optimization of the conductive layer. According to these parameters, the optimized layers were deposited on the surface of different scintillators and experimentally tested in the scintillation detector of the scanning electron microscope. Experimental measurements allowed to verify accomplished simulations and provide new information about impact of materials and thicknesses of conductive layers in combination with materials of scintillators and light guides. The increase of the detection efficiency of the scintillation detector equipped with optimised conductive layers and its capability to detect low energy signal electrons were experimentally proved.
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Application of Monte Carlo simulations in banking
Slanina, Šimon ; Teplý, Petr (advisor) ; Fičura, Milan (referee)
A vigorous advancement in the field of information technologies allows practical use of sophisticated, computing power consuming methods. One of these is the Monte Carlo simulations method, which relies on generating an immense number of stochastic scenarios and can effectively solve problems in areas such as physics or mathematics. Entities in the banking sector are constantly exposed to many kinds of risks, for instance the occurrence of negative interest rates. These risks need to be taken into account, monitored, measured and managed. Even the Monte Carlo method, usable in banking for risk measurement, has its weaknesses that need to be considered, and requires certain conditions to be met. It is crucial to correctly approximate the probability distribution and to create a sufficient number of random scenarios, to use a reliable random number generator and to bear in mind any possible sequential dependencies amongst the input data. In the practical part of this work, I analyzed the development of the London Interbank Offered Rate with a three-month maturity based on the US dollar during the years 2000 to 2016 and, using the Monte Carlo method, I tried to predict its future development as well. I came to the conclusion that the method should be used for forecasting in shorter time horizons, considering it provides significantly wider ranges of the rate's possible values at all probability levels while forecasting for longer time horizons. Via stress test, I also found that the method I applied doesn't really reflect rare short-term shocks in the resulting predictions. Neither the Monte Carlo method nor the TRADING ECONOMICS website anticipate the LIBOR USD 3M rate to fall below zero during the time horizon ending in 2020.
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