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Adipose etrogenisation and other anthropological aspects of obesity
Novák, Jan ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee) ; Bendlová, Běla (referee)
This work presents an anthropological view of obesity. It introduces the concept of adipose estrogenization and describes its relationship to pelvic morphology. Further, secular changes in the prevalence of latent obesity, the consequences, and the etiology of this condition are described. The work also validates tools for assessing chronotype, subsequently associating these metrics with sociodemographic factors, including obesity. The key part of this project present study focused on changes in the morphology of the bony pelvis in the context of pubertal history of obesity. It is a longitudinal study (n = 238) with an anthropometric examination after 8 years and an estimation of sex hormones. The main observation was that adult men with a history of obesity had more gynoid (relatively wider) pelvic bone morphology and altered levels of sex hormones, i.e., reduced testosterone levels and an increased relative proportion of estradiol to testosterone, i.e., estrogenization. This was manifested with habitual pelvic feminization, which serves as a marker of estrogenization and a retrospective marker of obesity. In the context of this study, a Letter to the Editor is added as a correction to the publication, interpreting these findings as a possible explanation for the shorter second stage of labor in...
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The effect of a low carbohydrate diet on the compensation of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Sedlářová, Lenka ; Sucharda, Petr (advisor) ; Sadílková, Aneta (referee)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and several secondary complications. The prevalence of patients is constantly increasing, and thus the effort to improve the quality of therapy, new findings, and procedures capable of being applied in clinical practice are sought. Patients live with the disease for a long time, and the purpose of treatment is to improve the quality of life of diabetics and delay the onset of associated health complications. A combination of regimen measures is essential for successful treatment. Dietary measures in the form of a low-carbohydrate diet are still a popular choice of dietary options among diabetics. The aim of the practical part of the work was to prove the positive effect of a low- carbohydrate diet on T2D compensation. The primary objective was to demonstrate a significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients who eat or have eaten according to the principles of a low-carbohydrate diet for at least 12 months. Secondary objectives were set as follows: reduction of relative weight (BMI), reduction of pharmacotherapy and/or reduction of daily doses of antidiabetic drugs, reduction of fasting blood glucose and improvement of the lipid spectrum. The research group included patients from the...
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Possibilities of influencing dysmenorrhea
Husťaková, Darina ; Nováková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Hošková, Blanka (referee)
Title: Possibilities of influencing dysmenorrhea Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate what options exist to influence dysmenorrhea and whether physical activity, BMI and stress have an effect on reducing menstrual pain. Methods: This is an empirical research, in quantitative character. A questionnaire survey was used using a non-standardized on-line questionnaire of our own design. There were single- choice or multiple-choice questions as well as an open-ended response option. This questionnaire was completed anonymously. The questionnaire was completed by 138 women aged 18 to 40 years, median 23, during June to December 2022. The results of the study were processed in Microsoft Excel 2016. Results: The following results came out of the survey. Women with higher BMI do not have more menstrual pains compared to girls with normal BMI or underweight. Further, according to the research, no association was found between stress and worsening of menstrual pain. According to the research, women with dysmenorrhea and regular physical activity do not have less menstrual pain than women with dysmenorrhea without regular physical activity. Regular physical activity has little effect on the duration of menstrual pain in women with dysmenorrhea, nor on the regularity of the menstrual cycle in...
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Dietary habits including fibre consumption in obese people
KUTĚJOVÁ, Kristýna
Term of bachelor´s work is "Dietary habits including fibre consumption in obese people". Theoretical portion is divided into two parts. First part preoccupies about problems in obesity, to be concrete its causes, diagnoses, treatment, and complications. Second part is dedicated to dietary fibre, explaining its effects, how they differ, what´s her sources, effectivity in prevention of diseases, possibility of unwanted side effects and its recommended amount. Main goal of the bachelor's work was to find and chart feeding habits obese individuals. Next goal was to chart consume dietary fibre, collect data and compare them with control group, which was made from people with normal weight. Qualitaty method was selected for the research. Usage for completion of the first task was semi structuredinterview and seven-days dietary regimen, which was calculated by application Nutriservis. Dietary regimen was necessary for the second task of the work. The researched file contained fifteen individuals with BMI above thirty. Group was between twenty-six to forty-eight years of age with average of thirty-six-year-old. Age of the control group was in average thirty-five with span between twenty-four and fifty. There from evaluation of data we can tell that obese people have a lack of wholegrain cereal, insufficiency amount of fruits, vegetables, and legume. Average consumption of dietary fibre is twelve point seven grams per day. Most of the respondents didn't even qualify up to fifty percent of recommended dietary fibre per day, which is fifteen grams. Control group had more dietary fibre then recommended amount of obese respondents by seven point seven grams per day. Twenty-six point seven percent of control group didn't reach to consuming fifty percent of dietary fibre per day. Difference between two already mentions groups is regularity of feeding, frequency of applying particular sorts of food and drink preferences.
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Knowledge about healthy food and eating habits of teachers in selected schools
Jarošová, Karolína ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Kovaříková, Miroslava (referee)
The diploma thesis "Knowledge about healthy food and eating habits of teachers in the selected schools" aimed to find out the nutritional knowledge of teachers at selected primary and secondary schools and also find out how much do they follow the basic principles of healthy nutritions during their working days. The research for my diploma thesis was carried out using a questionnaire survey, in which two hundred and forty one teachers of selected primary and secondary schools participated. .All the schools that I selected for the questionnaire survey are located in Kladno, the most populous city in the Central Bohemian region. The questionnaire survey was devided into three parts - to identify the teachers, their knowledge and their eating habbits. The results of the research were good - the overall success rate of all respondents was 63.3%. Primary school teachers fared slightly better than secondary school teachers. According to predetermined criteria, teachers pay attention to the principles of a healthy diet only exceptionally. Secondary school teachers fared significantly better in this section. The last question dealt with teachers' needs. It would help the teachers the most to extend the break so that the teachers have more time to have a snack or replenish fluids. They also showed an...
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Eating behaviour and personality traits of obese patients depending on BMI
Smutná, Šarlota ; Konečná, Judita (advisor) ; Žůrková, Pavla (referee)
This thesis analyses relationships and interdependencies between eating behaviour, perso- nality traits, and BMI in obese patients. In 2019, the prevalence of obesity was alarming in the Czech Republic, 77 % of working men and 56 % of working women were overweight or obese. The basis of successful treatment is to know patients very well, their history, indi- vidual habits and characteristics that led to the development of obesity. Eating behaviour and personality traits are important parts of this knowledge. They can help us to under- stand the mechanisms of obesity's development and thus also contribute to efective and individually adjusted treatment. We study eating behaviour by the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and personality traits by the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and Beck's Depression and Anxiety Inventory in 598 obese patients (average BMI 44 kg/m2). We split the sample into multiple groups according to the values of BMI to test the diferences between these groups with various methods. Together with correlation coefcients and a linear regression model, we evaluate eating behaviour and personality traits' infuence on BMI. The most important fndings are signifcant diferences between women and men, various correlations of BMI to some personality traits and interdependency...
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Noise dependence in PET liver image on patient's applied activity, weight and BMI
PEJŠKOVÁ, Veronika
The topic of this bachelor thesis is "Dependence of noise in the PET image of the liver on the applied activity, weight and BMI of the patient". Positron emission tomography (PET) is currently one of the most widely used examinations in the field of oncological diseases. The goal of the bachelor thesis is to monitor the noise in the PET image of the liver during positron emission tomography (PET) with FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) depending on the applied activity, weight and BMI of the patient. Another goal of this work is to propose an alternative algorithm taking into account BMI in order to maintain the image quality and reduce the radiation exposure associated with the examination in addition to the existing algorithm for determining the activity of the applied amount of FDG based purely on patient weight. In connection with these goals, a hypothesis was developed where, taking into account the patient's BMI in determining the activity of the applied amount of FDG, the radiation exposure associated with the examination can be reduced while maintaining the noise level. In the introduction to this bachelor's thesis, I focused on a detailed description of the principle of the PET imaging method, it´s construction and everything associated with the PET imaging method. A substantial part of the theory of this work is occupied by information related to the quality of the PET image, especially the noise level. I also specified the individual radiopharmaceuticals used in the field of PET and I focused more attention on the radiopharmaceutical FDG, which is crucial for this work. Part of this bachelor thesis also deals with the applied activity and the elements related to it, is weight and BMI. In the last part of the bachelor thesis I focused on the description of the hybrid PET / CT method. The practical part was focused on quantitative research. For this research, it was first determined what parameters will need to be found for the processing of the practical part and then data were collected from patients examined by FDG PET / CT at the PET center in the Hospital of České Budějovice a.s. for the calendar year 2021. This data was then graphically plotted and finally used for analysis. In addition to the dependence of noise on patient weight, a representation of weight on patient BMI was created. The results of the practical part showed that the noise is affected by the applied activity, weight and BMI of the patient and based on further analysis, the initial hypothesis was confirmed. The final results of this work can be further used to optimize the examination protocol in the PET center of the Hospital of České Budějovice a.s.
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Obese adult people vs healthy lifestyle
JEŽKOVÁ, Karolína
This bachelor thesis is focusing on the topic of Adult obesity versus healthy lifestyle. The theoretical section explores the problematics of obesity. Specifically, its history, types, causes, prevention, illnesses it can cause as well as treatments of this condition. Additionally, attention was also given to the topics of a healthy lifestyle, healthy diet, and individual macronutrients. The practical part includes three objectives. The first goal was to summarize the literary review of obesity and healthy lifestyle of the adult population. The second aim was to compare the dietary composition of obese individuals and individuals with physiological weight. The last objective was to present a comparison of the eating habits of obese respondents and respondents with physiological weight. Subsequently, two research questions were stated. The first question: 'What are the differences in the dietary composition of obese individuals and individuals with physiological BMI?' and the second question: 'How physically active are obese individuals when compared to individuals with physiological weight?' The research sample was composed of ten obese individuals and ten individuals with physiological weight. Both groups were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire. The answers were used to determine the physical activity and eating habits of both groups. To compare the diets of both groups, the Nutriservis profi software was utilised, analysing weekly diets provided by the respondents. The average values of nutrients consumed per week were compared to examine the differences between the research groups. According to the findings, most obese respondents are not eating periodically and exercise only occasionally. Conversely, individuals with physiological weight are eating regularly in the majority of cases and exercise 2-3 times a week. In respect to the dietary compositions, the obese individuals reported a higher average intake of protein and overall higher intake of energy than individuals with physiological weight.
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Obesity as a serious issue to public health of European Union inhibitans
FOŘTOVÁ, Eliška
The topic of my thesis is Obesity as a serious issue to public health of European Union inhabitants and it is composed of two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I focus on the definition of obesity, its kinds and various means of assessment of obesity. I further focus on individual macronutrients, water and alcohol, but also on prevention, causes and consequential treatment of obesity. For my bachelor thesis I set 4 goals, which I focus on in the practical part. The first goal was comparison of the level of obesity in the population of the Czech Republic and other EU states, the second was charting of knowledge of the general population about health risks associated with obesity, the third was a survey of eating habits among a selected group of obese individuals over 25 years of age and charting of the content of their diet, the fourth goal was suggestion in terms of lowering the level of obesity in the population. The survey group regarding the second and third goal was composed of 73 obese respondents (with BMI over 29,9) older than 25 years of age, who have filled out a short questionnaire of my own. For the successful completion of the second part of the third goal I processed records of 8 individuals´ diet for a week (4 women and 4 men), entered this data into the Nutriservis software and then compared it with dietary recommendations on macronutrients contained as well as the amount of energy received. According to the results the majority of respondents knows about at least some health risks associated with obesity, only 7% does not know about any. The majority of respondents, however, does not eat according to dietary recommendations, does not consume enough fruits and vegetables, fish and does not drink enough liquid. The diet of the selected group of respondents did in no way meet dietary recommendations. The majority of respondents had an unbalanced income of macronutrients through the week, the average level of protein and fat was higher and the average level of carbohydrates lower than dietary recommendations. In addition, the income of energy was higher than its consumption.
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Level of physical activity for students of grammar school and secondary school of economics in Vimperk
JUNGVIRT, Daniel
This bachelor thesis deals with the level of physical activity of secondary school students at Vimperk grammar school. The research part focuses on the relationship between physical activity and the Indares questionnaire. The IPAQ questionnaire was used to collect data, monitoring the number of steps using the Yamix Digiwalker SW-700. The research was carried out in May and November 2019. Data were obtained from 31 probands from 3 different years of secondary school in Vimperk.
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