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The effect of a weight loss on bone and energy metabolism in premenopausal women with obesity
Malinová, Pavlína ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
Introduction: Current findings show that obesity may not only have a protective effect in terms of the osteoporosis development. Although higher mechanical load on bones in obese people increases bone mass density, inflammatory cytokines produced by adipose tissue, on the contrary, increase bone resorption. The reduction of body weight itself can contribute to the deterioration of the quality of bone mass. Aim: The main aim of the study was to evaluate changes in BMD and selected parameters of body composition during a 2-month strict very low-calorie diet (VLCD) and a subsequent 4-month low-calorie diet (LCD) in premenopausal women with obesity. Methods: The study was carried out at the workplaces of the III. Internal Clinic of the General University Hospital in Prague and the Institute of Endocrinology in Prague. Data were collected in the period from April 2021 to May 2023. 11 patients participated in the study with dietary intervention, data was processed from 10 of them. The average age was 44.1 ± 9.3 years, the average weight was 94 ± 10.4 kg. The control group consisted of 14 patients, 10 of them were included in the study. The average age in the control group was 40.7 ± 6.4 years, the average weight was 64.4 ± 7.5 kg. Patients of the intervention group were given a very low-calorie diet with...
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The role of vitamin D in relation to bone disease.
Kováčová, Veronika ; Likovský, Jakub (advisor) ; Zikán, Vít (referee)
In recent years vitamin D is at the forefront of scientific research because of its huge impact on human health. Vitamin D plays pivotal roles in metabolism of bones by regulation of their mineralization and building. Dysfunction or deficiency of vitamin D can lead to occurrence of many diseases like osteoporosis, rickets and osteomalacia. In the archeological studies of my bachelor's essay I have mentioned that deficiency of vitamin D was also found in last human population. There is no difference in present. In March in 2010 was published 59 % of people are affected by deficiency of vitamin D and 25 % from them are affected by acute deficiency of vitamin D (Gilsanz et al., 2010). Deficiency of vitamin D is typically for people who don't expose for the Sun and eat poor food for vitamin D, for women after menopause and for people afflicted with failure of kidney, liver, intestine absorption and hyperparathyroidism. Deficiency of vitamin D is the most critical for children because of disrupting their growing of cartilages, bones and teeth. Bones begin soft, fragile and usually are deformed by weight of body. Disease with these symptoms is known like rickets. In adults deficiency of vitamin D can cause bad accumulation of calcium in bones and so bones are demineralized, thin, soft and easy to deform....
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Nutritional status of patients with osteoporosis
Šimková, Simona ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
This diploma focuses on the topic of nutritional status of patients with osteoporosis. The thesis is divided in two parts. In the first part, the theoretical part I focus on osteoporosis as the definition of the disease, epidemiology and etiology. Clinical manifestations of the disease, methods of diagnosis and treatment are also mentioned. An important part of the thesis is a description of the risk factors and especially the specification of the nutritional aspects of osteoporosis. The nutrients which are connected or could be connected to the disease are also described. Additionally, the influence of physical activity and smoking is mentioned. The last part is focused on the evaluation of the nutritional status. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the nutrition status of patients with osteoporosis. Few steps were carried out to achieve the target of the thesis. First, the theoretical part was written according to the published bibliography, then the research was performed. The research was attended by 60 women patients from osteological ambulatory in Prague and České Budějovice. The research has several parts that are consequently evaluated. Specifically, a short questionnaire concentrating on the intake of calcium or movement activity of the respondents was made. Another part was a frequency...
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The possibilities of bone densitometry and monitoring occurrence of osteoporosis at the past populations.
Kováčová, Veronika ; Likovský, Jakub (advisor) ; Zikán, Vít (referee)
Nowadays, disease of osteoporosis is worldwide problem. The question is whether osteoporosis affected people of past populations or increasing of osteoporosis is result of todayś time. Time, when people don't have enough of solar radiation and vitamin D, time when lifestyle does not match with the term healthy lifestyle. The goal of this work was to determine whether the buried persons at fort in Mikulčice had less of bone mass which indicates whether osteoporosis figured in their lives. The values of bone mass were obtained by densitometric measurements. The heel bones and fourth lumbar vertebras were measured. The work continued on a study in which femoral bones were measured. It means, if it was possible in terms of preservation, femoral bones, heel bones and fourth lumbar vertebras were measured in one person. Another goal of this work was to determine whether the values of the individual measurements show a significantly dependence on each other and whether would be possible to infer something about measure of one area from measurement of second area since the biggest problem of archaeological material is preservation and completeness of the material. The work has also a methodological contribution. The work provides precise description of measurement of the heel bones by using Lunar PIXI...
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Risk factors of osteoporosis and fractures in people over 65 years of age
Malimánková, Jana ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Šimková, Simona (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with risk factors of osteoporosis and fractures among people older than 65 years. Theoretical part contains the definition of osteoporosis, physiology of bones, hormonal regulation, determinants of disease, clinical manifestation, prevention of disease and old age. Essential chapters of theoretical part are about moving activity and nutrition. Aim of this thesis was to evaluate the occurrence of osteoporosis and risk factors of fractures in connection with risk nutritional factors. The research includes 86 responders, who filled out the questionnaire of risk factors and the risk of fractures was found out using FRAX tool. Based on these results patients were divided into 2 groups: with high risk and low risk of fractures. 10 patients of each group provided 3-day menu. The densitometric examination was accomplished to 30 responders and the probability of fracture formation was evaluated. The results of diploma thesis show, that 45 % of responders have higher risk of fracture formation. This group has significantly higher age and lower BMI. This research then showed that patients with higher risk of fracture formation get significantly less energy, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and calcium. Moreover, most of participants has insufficient intake of dairy products and fish....
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The role of nutrition in the prevention of osteoporosis: calcium, proteins and gut microbiota
Holánová, Karolína ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Vágnerová, Tereza (referee)
Introduction: Osteoporosis is defined as a systemic metabolic disease of skeleton. It is characterized by reduced amounts of bone mass and degradation of bone tissue microarchitecture with increased chances of fractures occurring. Women after menopause are affected by lack of estrogen and therefore have increased risk of osteoporosis. Goal: The goal of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the nutritional state of women after menopause with osteoporosis (With OP) and without osteoporosis (Without OP) focusing on calcium, proteins and nutrients which are affecting gut microbiota (prebiotics and probiotics). Methods: Nutritional state was evaluated based on three-day diet analysis and questionnaire about dietary preferences. Amounts of particular nutrients in respondents diets were obtained by using web page www.kaloricketabulky.cz. Bone material densities were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: Nutritional breakdown of diets did not show any statistically significant differences in most of the cases. The only exception was protein and fiber intake, where the group without OP reported higher intake. Both sets of respondents reported higher intake of calories, fats and proteins then recommended. On the other hand, low intake of carbs, fiber, calcium and probiotics was discovered...
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The role of nutrition in the treatment of osteoporosis
Večeřová, Vendula ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Kytnarová, Jitka (referee)
Introduction: Osteoporosis is one of the most frequent bone metabolic disease. It is a systemic metabolic skeleton disease, where the architecture of bone tissue is damaged due to the loss of bone mass, and therefore the bone quality is reduced. Thus, it comes to increased bones fragility and reduction in mechanical resistance, which leads to a higher risk of fractures. The principle of pathogenesis is an imbalance between resorption and bone formation. Due to increasing lifetime and lifestyle changes, the prevalence of the disease increases. Aim: The aim of the practical part of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the eating habits of postmenopausal women treated for osteoporosis and to evaluate their nutritional condition in relation to bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: Nutritional habits were obtained and evaluated through a questionnaire survey. Three-day meal records were collected and analysed using the Nutriservis Profesional nutritional software, to determine the energy intake and selected nutrients. Osteodensitometric data were measured using dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: The analysis of the diet showed that the observed group of women consumes an excessive amount of energy on average, especially in form of fats. Higher intake of protein was also observed....
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Circadian rhythm of parathyroid hormone and bone remodeling: implication for the osteoporosis treatment with teriparatide (parathormone [1-34])
Rašková, Mária ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Žofková, Ivana (referee) ; Perlík, František (referee)
Circadian rhythm of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is well documented, but its physiological role is not fully understood. In healthy individuals, biochemical markers of bone remodeling follow a similar circadian rhythm to PTH with a nocturnal rise in bone resorption and formation. The loss of PTH diurnal variation was observed not only in primary hyperparathyroidism, but also in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Continuously elevated concentrations of PTH lead to excessive stimulation of bone resorption, whereas intermittent PTH administration has a strong osteoanabolic effect in patients with osteoporosis. It has not been examined whether the skeletal sensitivity to PTH action depends also on the time of its application. The aim of our study was to verify the hypothesis that the application of teriparatide (TPTD, recombinant human PTH [1-34]) at different times of the day in the context of its diurnal variability affects the physiological circadian rhythm of bone remodeling and also the bone mineral density (BMD) after the long-term TPTD treatment. Fourteen women with postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with 20 micrograms of TPTD daily, applied subcutaneously either in the morning or evening, were included in the first study. The concentration of serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen...
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Risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women after successful surgical intervention for primary hyperparathyroidism: nutritional factors
Vokounová, Kateřina ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a chronical systemic metabolic disease of bone tissue, which is manifested by a decrease in the amount of bone mass and/or a decrease in its quality and may result in a fracture. Fractures are also common for primary hyperparathyroidism due to increased parathyroid hormone secretion. Surgical treatment will help increase bone density in most cases, nevertheless emphasis is placed on reducing risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures. Objective: Purpose of this thesis is to map the nutrition condition with focus on calcium and protein intake of postmenopausal women after successful surgical intervention for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT group), and to evaluate the results in relation with osteoporosis and fractures. Methods: Nutritional status was assessed using questionnaires of eating habits and analysis of three-day menus. Intakes of energy, protein, fat, sugar, fiber, free sugar, vitamin C, sodium, calcium nad phosphorus intake were calculated using Nutriservis PROFI program (and other nutritional databases). The degree of vitamin D saturation was obtained from serum calcidiol concentrations. Body composition and bone mineral density parametres were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Nutritional analysis of diets showed no statically...
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Risk of osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: nutritional factors
Skalníková, Karolína ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Raška, Ivan (referee)
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic skeletal disease characterized by a decrease in bone mechanical resistance due to decreased bone mass and/or bone quality defects. The incidence of osteoporosis has been increasing in developed countries. The reason for this is a lifestyle change in terms of a decrease in physical activity and an increase in life expectancy, which is also related to an increase in the number of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance, insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis often occur together. Some authors consider osteoporosis to be a chronic complication of type 2 diabetes. Objective: The objective of this thesis is to evaluate dietary habits and intakes of selected nutrients in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and compare this with recommended values and with control group of women without type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to assess possible relationships to the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Methods: Dietary habits and intakes of selected nutrients were evaluated on the basis of questionnaires and an analysis of three-day dietary plans. Energy, essential nutrients, fiber, sodium, calcium and...
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