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Antibiotic resistance conferred by members of ARE subfamily of ABC proteins
Veselá, Ludmila ; Balíková Novotná, Gabriela (advisor) ; Borčin, Kateřina (referee)
The main topic of this thesis is the ARE subfamily of ABC transporters. The importance of the proteins of this subfamily lies in the fact that they confer resistance to several classes of clinically important antibiotics: macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramines and pleuromutilines and they do it in significant pathogens, as for example Staphylococcus aureus. Compared to canonical ABC transporters, the structure of ABC proteins lacks the transmembrane domain (TMD) and so far, there where not even found an integrating transmembrane protein. Due to these facts, the mechanism of resistance conferred by these proteins remains unclear. In the thesis, both suggested hypotheses of the mechanism of how these proteins work are discussed. The first hypothesis presumes the active efflux of antibiotics out of the bacteria. The second hypothesis suggests release of antibiotic from its binding site initiated by ARE proteins, followed by its passive diffusion out of the cell. Keywords: ABC proteins, ARE proteins, resistance, MLS, Vga
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Influence of expression of lmr(C) on the biosynthesis of lincomycin in Streptomyces lincolnensis: Resistance or production?
Veselá, Ludmila ; Balíková Novotná, Gabriela (advisor) ; Beranová, Jana (referee)
The genus Streptomyces produces more than a half of the known bioactive substances, ranking it among the most important bacterial taxons. Streptomyces lincolnensis ATCC 25466 encodes a biosynthetic gene cluster for lincomycin biosynthesis in its genome. Apart from the biosynthetic and regulatory genes, the cluster also contains three resistance genes, lmr(A), lmr(B) a lmr(C), which could protect of the host from the toxicity of a synthesized antibiotic. The Lmr(C) protein belongs to ARE proteins which generaly confer resistance to clinically important classes of antibiotics: macrolides, streptogramins, lincosamides and pleuromutilins. In addition to antibiotic producers, ARE proteins are also present in pathogenic microorganisms. However, the resistance mechanism conferred by these protins which belong to ABC transporters, even though they lack the transmembrane domain, have not been characterized yet. This makes the ARE proteins an interesting subject of the research. Using deletion mutants in resistance genes lmr(A), lmr(B) a lmr(C) we studied their effect on the lincomycin production and resistance to lincosamides, lincomycin and clindamycin with special focus on the function of the lmr(C). We have found that deletion of lmr(C) does not significantly influence lincomycin production and...
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Antibiotic resistance conferred by members of ARE subfamily of ABC proteins
Veselá, Ludmila ; Balíková Novotná, Gabriela (advisor) ; Borčin, Kateřina (referee)
The main topic of this thesis is the ARE subfamily of ABC transporters. The importance of the proteins of this subfamily lies in the fact that they confer resistance to several classes of clinically important antibiotics: macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramines and pleuromutilines and they do it in significant pathogens, as for example Staphylococcus aureus. Compared to canonical ABC transporters, the structure of ABC proteins lacks the transmembrane domain (TMD) and so far, there where not even found an integrating transmembrane protein. Due to these facts, the mechanism of resistance conferred by these proteins remains unclear. In the thesis, both suggested hypotheses of the mechanism of how these proteins work are discussed. The first hypothesis presumes the active efflux of antibiotics out of the bacteria. The second hypothesis suggests release of antibiotic from its binding site initiated by ARE proteins, followed by its passive diffusion out of the cell. Keywords: ABC proteins, ARE proteins, resistance, MLS, Vga
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Life of J. P. Ondok
VESELÁ, Ludmila
Thesis captures the life of doc. RNDR. J. P. Ondok, Th.D. since his childhood, troughout his studies, being in prison, working at the Botanical Institute and at the University of South Bohemia until the day of his death. It shows his wide activity in the world of science, in the spiritual world and in the purely human world.
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Comparing of the Rm-system Czech Stock Exchange with the Prague Stock Exchange and with the foreign exchanges.
VESELÁ, Ludmila
This thesis compares various attributes of the two stock exchanges that are currently in existence in the Czech Republic: the Rm-system Czech Stock Exchange and the Prague Stock Exchange. Detailed comparisons are made between various specifics of membership policies, trading routines, fees and indices at these exchanges and these are then related to the corresponding attributes at two representative foreign exchanges: the London Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange. A principal question to be answered in the thesis is whether having two independent organizers of stock-market trading is beneficial to the investors and overall practical for the market of the size of the Czech Republic. The first, theoretical part of the thesis is focused on historical evolution and characteristics of the stock exchanges. In this part we give a general classification of stock exchanges, discuss in some detail the kinds of traded financial instruments, describe trading participants and elucidate the nitty-gritty of trading systems. The second, practical part of the thesis then examines detailed facts about individual stock exchanges in the order listed in the theoretical part with the emphasis put on the differences between the stock markets under study. Various representative data is collected in tables and/or recorded in charts and graphs. Particular distinctions between the stock exchanges are analyzed and the distinguished aspects are highlighted. The conclusion summarizes obtained results and finally answers, in the mild affirmative, the question whether it is beneficial to have the stock market in the Czech Republic served by two independent stock exchanges.
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