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Muscle force during walking: effect of skeletal morphology
Tomášová, Kateřina ; Hora, Martin (advisor) ; Sedlak, Petr (referee)
The muscle force determines the energy costs of locomotion and the loading of the musculoskeletal system. As the body size increases, the muscle force increases too. The observed less joint flexion in larger individuals could be a moderating mechanism to reduce muscle force when walking. To date, there is a lack of knowledge about the effect of body size and joint angles on muscle force. The aim of this study was to investigate how body size affects muscle force in the stance phase of walking and whether larger individuals can effectively compensate for the increase in muscle force through postural changes. We acquired kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic data for 19 men during normal walking and carrying additional 20 % of body weight. We estimated muscle force using the method of musculoskeletal modeling. We emploeyd the multiple linear regression to asses independent effect of body mass, lower limb length, biiliac breadth and joint flexion angle on total (iF) and maximum (maxF) lower limb muscle force. The body mass had a great positive effect on the gluteus medius muscle force (maxF and iF) but did not affect the iliopsoas muscle force (maxF and iF) nor the vasti muscles force (iF). The lower limb length had a positive effect on the gluteus maximus muscle force (maxF) and a negative effect...
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Fairy-tales by Karel and Josef Čapek in Chinese Translations
Tomášová, Kateřina ; Andrš, Dušan (advisor) ; Lomová, Olga (referee)
This thesis aims to analyze the Chinese translations of literary fairytales by Karel and Josef Capek, and the role of these translations within the target culture. The initial chapter gives a brief overview of the historical background of children's literature development and literary fairytales development within the cultures of Europe and China. We will outline the main issues in translating children's literature and will further analyze the role translations for children play in the Chinese literature. The core of the thesis is the analysis of two contemporary Chinese translations - Liu Xingcan's translation of fairy-tales by Josef and Karel Capek and Ren Rongrong's translation of a collection of fairy-tales Devatero pohadek by Karel Capek. The analysis is based on the polysystems theory and follows the model for translation analysis by Gideon Toury. On the basis of analyzing each level of the translated text, we will attempt to lay down "the underlying concept of translation", i.e. to assess whether the translation aims to meet the norms of the target culture or those of the source culture. The conclusion, based on the findings of our analysis, will attempt to define the status of these translations in the target literature of China and the way they enrich this literature. Keywords children's...
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Take-back of electrical equipment
Tomášová, Kateřina ; Hadrabová, Alena (advisor) ; Dvořák, Antonín (referee)
The thesis describes and assess the functioning of the take-back of electrical equipment in Czech Republic. The take-back system is evaluated from a general perspective, it is also used my experience in employment and in society ELEKTROWIN and materials provided to me by the collective system. The theoretical part focuses on the legislative framework of take-back concept, on description of ELEKTROWIN and on financing the system. This part also deals with the main sphere of collective bargaining systems, which are gathering, manipulation, transport and information and educational activities. The application part is focused on the quantity of take-bake of electrical equipment through collective and ELEKTROWIN from the year 2005 to present in a particular years. It also work evaluates observance the requirements from EU directives. The educational activity is evaluated on the basis of a questionnaire as information campaigns to raise public awareness.
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J. M. Keynes
Tomášová, Kateřina ; Holman, Robert (advisor) ; Tichý, Filip (referee)
Práce je zaměřená na osobu jednoho z nejvýznamnějších ekonomů 20. století, Johna Maynarda Keynese. J. M. Keynes postavil základy oblasti ekonomie, která je v současnosti nazývána makroekonomie. Jeho dílo Obecná teorie zaměstnanosti, úroku a peněz znamenalo vznik nového ekonomického směru, keynesiánství. Definoval tzv. efektivní poptávku, zákon klesajícího sklonu ke spotřebě a nově definoval funkci úspor. J. M. Keynes teoreticky zdůvodnil nevyhnutelnost státních zásahů do ekonomiky a popřel tak teoretické myšlení klasických a neoklasických teorií. Zahájil éru nekontrolovatelných deficitů národních rozpočtů. A rovněž jeho dědictví formuje myšlení řady politiků a zájmových skupin dodnes.
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